diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/CitationTooltip.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/CitationTooltip.tsx
index febbd3264f..2e496dd7ee 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/CitationTooltip.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/CitationTooltip.tsx
@@ -2,14 +2,17 @@ import Favicon from '@renderer/components/Icons/FallbackFavicon'
 import { Tooltip } from 'antd'
 import React, { memo, useCallback, useMemo } from 'react'
 import styled from 'styled-components'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+
+export const CitationSchema = z.object({
+  url: z.string().url(),
+  title: z.string().optional(),
+  content: z.string().optional()
+})
 
 interface CitationTooltipProps {
   children: React.ReactNode
-  citation: {
-    url: string
-    title?: string
-    content?: string
-  }
+  citation: z.infer<typeof CitationSchema>
 }
 
 const CitationTooltip: React.FC<CitationTooltipProps> = ({ children, citation }) => {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/Link.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/Link.tsx
index 5dbac883f3..9acf38634b 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/Link.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/Link.tsx
@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
+import { parseJSON } from '@renderer/utils/json'
+import { findCitationInChildren } from '@renderer/utils/markdown'
 import { isEmpty, omit } from 'lodash'
-import React from 'react'
+import React, { useMemo } from 'react'
 import type { Node } from 'unist'
 
-import CitationTooltip from './CitationTooltip'
+import CitationTooltip, { CitationSchema } from './CitationTooltip'
 import Hyperlink from './Hyperlink'
 
 interface LinkProps extends React.AnchorHTMLAttributes<HTMLAnchorElement> {
   node?: Omit<Node, 'type'>
-  citationData?: {
-    url: string
-    title?: string
-    content?: string
-  }
 }
 
 const Link: React.FC<LinkProps> = (props) => {
+  const citationData = useMemo(() => {
+    const raw = parseJSON(findCitationInChildren(props.children))
+    const parsed = CitationSchema.safeParse(raw)
+    return parsed.success ? parsed.data : null
+  }, [props.children])
+
   // 处理内部链接
   if (props.href?.startsWith('#')) {
     return <span className="link">{props.children}</span>
@@ -29,9 +32,9 @@ const Link: React.FC<LinkProps> = (props) => {
   })
 
   // 如果是引用链接并且有引用数据，则使用CitationTooltip
-  if (isCitation && props.citationData) {
+  if (isCitation && citationData) {
     return (
-      <CitationTooltip citation={props.citationData}>
+      <CitationTooltip citation={citationData}>
         <a
           {...omit(props, ['node', 'citationData'])}
           href={isEmpty(props.href) ? undefined : props.href}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/Markdown.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/Markdown.tsx
index 4c7b6fea1a..c636b6d784 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/Markdown.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/Markdown.tsx
@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ import MarkdownShadowDOMRenderer from '@renderer/components/MarkdownShadowDOMRen
 import { useSettings } from '@renderer/hooks/useSettings'
 import { useSmoothStream } from '@renderer/hooks/useSmoothStream'
 import type { MainTextMessageBlock, ThinkingMessageBlock, TranslationMessageBlock } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
-import { parseJSON } from '@renderer/utils'
 import { removeSvgEmptyLines } from '@renderer/utils/formats'
-import { findCitationInChildren, processLatexBrackets } from '@renderer/utils/markdown'
+import { processLatexBrackets } from '@renderer/utils/markdown'
 import { isEmpty } from 'lodash'
 import { type FC, memo, useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react'
 import { useRef } from 'react'
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ const Markdown: FC<Props> = ({ block, postProcess }) => {
 
   const components = useMemo(() => {
     return {
-      a: (props: any) => <Link {...props} citationData={parseJSON(findCitationInChildren(props.children))} />,
+      a: (props: any) => <Link {...props} />,
       code: (props: any) => <CodeBlock {...props} blockId={block.id} />,
       table: (props: any) => <Table {...props} blockId={block.id} />,
       img: (props: any) => <ImageViewer style={{ maxWidth: 500, maxHeight: 500 }} {...props} />,
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/__tests__/Hyperlink.test.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/__tests__/Hyperlink.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd232b3454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/__tests__/Hyperlink.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import Hyperlink from '../Hyperlink'
+
+// 3.1: 使用 vi.hoisted 集中管理模拟
+const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  Popover: ({ children, content, arrow, placement, color, styles }: any) => (
+    <div
+      data-testid="popover"
+      data-arrow={String(arrow)}
+      data-placement={placement}
+      data-color={color}
+      data-styles={JSON.stringify(styles)}>
+      <div data-testid="popover-content">{content}</div>
+      <div data-testid="popover-children">{children}</div>
+    </div>
+  ),
+  Favicon: ({ hostname, alt }: { hostname: string; alt: string }) => (
+    <img data-testid="favicon" data-hostname={hostname} alt={alt} />
+  )
+}))
+
+vi.mock('antd', () => ({
+  Popover: mocks.Popover
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/components/Icons/FallbackFavicon', () => ({
+  default: mocks.Favicon
+}))
+
+describe('Hyperlink', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  it('should match snapshot for normal url', () => {
+    const { container } = render(
+      <Hyperlink href="https://example.com/path%20with%20space">
+        <span>Child</span>
+      </Hyperlink>
+    )
+    expect(container).toMatchSnapshot()
+  })
+
+  it('should return children directly when href is empty', () => {
+    render(
+      <Hyperlink href="">
+        <span>Only Child</span>
+      </Hyperlink>
+    )
+    expect(screen.queryByTestId('popover')).toBeNull()
+    expect(screen.getByText('Only Child')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should decode href and show favicon when hostname exists', () => {
+    render(
+      <Hyperlink href="https://domain.com/a%20b">
+        <span>child</span>
+      </Hyperlink>
+    )
+
+    // Popover wrapper exists
+    const popover = screen.getByTestId('popover')
+    expect(popover).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(popover).toHaveAttribute('data-arrow', 'false')
+    expect(popover).toHaveAttribute('data-placement', 'top')
+
+    // Content includes decoded url text and favicon with hostname
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('favicon')).toHaveAttribute('data-hostname', 'domain.com')
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('favicon')).toHaveAttribute('alt', 'https://domain.com/a b')
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('popover-content')).toHaveTextContent('https://domain.com/a b')
+  })
+
+  it('should not render favicon when URL parsing fails (invalid url)', () => {
+    render(
+      <Hyperlink href="not%2Furl">
+        <span>child</span>
+      </Hyperlink>
+    )
+
+    // decodeURIComponent succeeds => "not/url" is displayed
+    expect(screen.queryByTestId('favicon')).toBeNull()
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('popover-content')).toHaveTextContent('not/url')
+  })
+
+  it('should not render favicon for non-http(s) scheme without hostname (mailto:)', () => {
+    render(
+      <Hyperlink href="mailto:test%40example.com">
+        <span>child</span>
+      </Hyperlink>
+    )
+
+    // Decoded to mailto:test@example.com, hostname is empty => no favicon
+    expect(screen.queryByTestId('favicon')).toBeNull()
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('popover-content')).toHaveTextContent('mailto:test@example.com')
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/__tests__/Link.test.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/__tests__/Link.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..51b0de87ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/__tests__/Link.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+import { fireEvent, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
+import React from 'react'
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import Link from '../Link'
+
+const mocks = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  parseJSON: vi.fn(),
+  findCitationInChildren: vi.fn(),
+  CitationTooltip: ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => (
+    <div data-testid="citation-tooltip">{children}</div>
+  ),
+  CitationSchema: {
+    safeParse: vi.fn((input: any) => ({ success: !!input, data: input }))
+  },
+  Hyperlink: ({ children, href }: { children: React.ReactNode; href: string }) => (
+    <div data-testid="hyperlink" data-href={href}>
+      {children}
+    </div>
+  )
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/utils/json', () => ({
+  parseJSON: mocks.parseJSON
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/utils/markdown', () => ({
+  findCitationInChildren: mocks.findCitationInChildren
+}))
+
+vi.mock('../CitationTooltip', () => ({
+  default: mocks.CitationTooltip,
+  CitationSchema: mocks.CitationSchema
+}))
+
+vi.mock('../Hyperlink', () => ({
+  default: mocks.Hyperlink
+}))
+
+describe('Link', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  it('should match snapshot', () => {
+    const { container } = render(<Link href="https://example.com">Example</Link>)
+    expect(container).toMatchSnapshot()
+  })
+
+  it('should render internal anchor as span.link and no <a>', () => {
+    const { container } = render(<Link href="#section-1">Go to section</Link>)
+    expect(container.querySelector('span.link')).not.toBeNull()
+    expect(container.querySelector('a')).toBeNull()
+    expect(screen.getByText('Go to section')).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
+
+  it('should wrap with CitationTooltip when children include <sup> and citation data exists', () => {
+    mocks.findCitationInChildren.mockReturnValue('{"title":"ref"}')
+    mocks.parseJSON.mockReturnValue({ title: 'ref' })
+
+    const onParentClick = vi.fn()
+    const { container } = render(
+      <div onClick={onParentClick}>
+        <Link href="https://example.com">
+          <span>ref</span>
+          <sup>1</sup>
+        </Link>
+      </div>
+    )
+
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('citation-tooltip')).toBeInTheDocument()
+
+    const anchor = container.querySelector('a') as HTMLAnchorElement
+    expect(anchor).not.toBeNull()
+    expect(anchor.getAttribute('target')).toBe('_blank')
+    expect(anchor.getAttribute('rel')).toBe('noreferrer')
+
+    fireEvent.click(anchor)
+    expect(onParentClick).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+  })
+
+  it('should fall back to Hyperlink when <sup> exists but citation data is null', () => {
+    mocks.findCitationInChildren.mockReturnValue('{"title":"ref"}')
+    mocks.parseJSON.mockReturnValue(null)
+
+    render(
+      <Link href="https://example.com">
+        <span>text</span>
+        <sup>1</sup>
+      </Link>
+    )
+
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('hyperlink')).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(screen.queryByTestId('citation-tooltip')).toBeNull()
+  })
+
+  it('should render normal external link inside Hyperlink when not a citation', () => {
+    mocks.findCitationInChildren.mockReturnValue(undefined)
+    mocks.parseJSON.mockReturnValue(undefined)
+
+    const { container } = render(<Link href="https://domain.com/path">Open</Link>)
+
+    const wrapper = screen.getByTestId('hyperlink')
+    expect(wrapper).toBeInTheDocument()
+    expect(wrapper).toHaveAttribute('data-href', 'https://domain.com/path')
+
+    const anchor = container.querySelector('a') as HTMLAnchorElement
+    expect(anchor.getAttribute('href')).toBe('https://domain.com/path')
+    expect(anchor.getAttribute('target')).toBe('_blank')
+    expect(anchor.getAttribute('rel')).toBe('noreferrer')
+  })
+
+  it('should omit empty href for citation link (no href attribute when href="")', () => {
+    mocks.findCitationInChildren.mockReturnValue('{"title":"ref"}')
+    mocks.parseJSON.mockReturnValue({ title: 'ref' })
+
+    const { container } = render(
+      <Link href="">
+        text<sup>2</sup>
+      </Link>
+    )
+
+    const anchor = container.querySelector('a') as HTMLAnchorElement
+    expect(anchor).not.toBeNull()
+    expect(anchor.hasAttribute('href')).toBe(false)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/__tests__/__snapshots__/Hyperlink.test.tsx.snap b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/__tests__/__snapshots__/Hyperlink.test.tsx.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dad29914b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/__tests__/__snapshots__/Hyperlink.test.tsx.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
+
+exports[`Hyperlink > should match snapshot for normal url 1`] = `
+.c0 {
+  color: var(--color-text);
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.c0 span {
+  max-width: min(400px,70vw);
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+<div>
+  <div
+    data-arrow="false"
+    data-color="var(--color-background)"
+    data-placement="top"
+    data-styles="{"body":{"border":"1px solid var(--color-border)","padding":"12px","borderRadius":"8px"}}"
+    data-testid="popover"
+  >
+    <div
+      data-testid="popover-content"
+    >
+      <div
+        class="c0"
+      >
+        <img
+          alt="https://example.com/path with space"
+          data-hostname="example.com"
+          data-testid="favicon"
+        />
+        <span>
+          https://example.com/path with space
+        </span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div
+      data-testid="popover-children"
+    >
+      <span>
+        Child
+      </span>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+`;
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/__tests__/__snapshots__/Link.test.tsx.snap b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/__tests__/__snapshots__/Link.test.tsx.snap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35d8ee75e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Markdown/__tests__/__snapshots__/Link.test.tsx.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
+
+exports[`Link > should match snapshot 1`] = `
+<div>
+  <div
+    data-href="https://example.com"
+    data-testid="hyperlink"
+  >
+    <a
+      href="https://example.com"
+      rel="noreferrer"
+      target="_blank"
+    >
+      Example
+    </a>
+  </div>
+</div>
+`;