diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
index 144ae8bc4..8ee235d75 100644
--- a/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -13,7 +13,15 @@ This file provides guidance to AI coding assistants when working with code in th
 - **Always propose before executing**: Before making any changes, clearly explain your planned approach and wait for explicit user approval to ensure alignment and prevent unwanted modifications.
 - **Lint, test, and format before completion**: Coding tasks are only complete after running `yarn lint`, `yarn test`, and `yarn format` successfully.
 - **Write conventional commits**: Commit small, focused changes using Conventional Commit messages (e.g., `feat:`, `fix:`, `refactor:`, `docs:`).
-- **Follow PR template**: When submitting pull requests, follow the template in `.github/pull_request_template.md` to ensure complete context and documentation.
+
+## Pull Request Workflow (CRITICAL)
+
+When creating a Pull Request, you MUST:
+
+1. **Read the PR template first**: Always read `.github/pull_request_template.md` before creating the PR
+2. **Follow ALL template sections**: Structure the `--body` parameter to include every section from the template
+3. **Never skip sections**: Include all sections even if marking them as N/A or "None"
+4. **Use proper formatting**: Match the template's markdown structure exactly (headings, checkboxes, code blocks)
 
 ## Development Commands
 
diff --git a/electron-builder.yml b/electron-builder.yml
index 65fd61fc5..f118f4975 100644
--- a/electron-builder.yml
+++ b/electron-builder.yml
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ artifactBuildCompleted: scripts/artifact-build-completed.js
 releaseInfo:
   releaseNotes: |
     <!--LANG:en-->
-    A New Era of Intelligence with Cherry Studio 1.7.0
+    A New Era of Intelligence with Cherry Studio 1.7.1
 
-    Today we're releasing Cherry Studio 1.7.0 — our most ambitious update yet, introducing Agent: autonomous AI that thinks, plans, and acts.
+    Today we're releasing Cherry Studio 1.7.1 — our most ambitious update yet, introducing Agent: autonomous AI that thinks, plans, and acts.
 
     For years, AI assistants have been reactive — waiting for your commands, responding to your questions. With Agent, we're changing that. Now, AI can truly work alongside you: understanding complex goals, breaking them into steps, and executing them independently.
 
@@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ releaseInfo:
     The Agent Era is here. We can't wait to see what you'll create.
 
     <!--LANG:zh-CN-->
-    Cherry Studio 1.7.0：开启智能新纪元
+    Cherry Studio 1.7.1：开启智能新纪元
 
-    今天，我们正式发布 Cherry Studio 1.7.0 —— 迄今最具雄心的版本，带来全新的 Agent：能够自主思考、规划和行动的 AI。
+    今天，我们正式发布 Cherry Studio 1.7.1 —— 迄今最具雄心的版本，带来全新的 Agent：能够自主思考、规划和行动的 AI。
 
     多年来，AI 助手一直是被动的——等待你的指令，回应你的问题。Agent 改变了这一切。现在，AI 能够真正与你并肩工作：理解复杂目标，将其拆解为步骤，并独立执行。
 
diff --git a/packages/ai-sdk-provider/src/cherryin-provider.ts b/packages/ai-sdk-provider/src/cherryin-provider.ts
index 1f799133d..d045fdc50 100644
--- a/packages/ai-sdk-provider/src/cherryin-provider.ts
+++ b/packages/ai-sdk-provider/src/cherryin-provider.ts
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ export interface CherryInProviderSettings {
   headers?: HeadersInput
   /**
    * Optional endpoint type to distinguish different endpoint behaviors.
+   * "image-generation" is also openai endpoint, but specifically for image generation.
    */
   endpointType?: 'openai' | 'openai-response' | 'anthropic' | 'gemini' | 'image-generation' | 'jina-rerank'
 }
diff --git a/src/main/services/agents/services/claudecode/index.ts b/src/main/services/agents/services/claudecode/index.ts
index 53b318c5b..e5cefadd6 100644
--- a/src/main/services/agents/services/claudecode/index.ts
+++ b/src/main/services/agents/services/claudecode/index.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // src/main/services/agents/services/claudecode/index.ts
 import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events'
 import { createRequire } from 'node:module'
+import path from 'node:path'
 
 import type {
   CanUseTool,
@@ -121,7 +122,11 @@ class ClaudeCodeService implements AgentServiceInterface {
       // TODO: support set small model in UI
       ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL: modelInfo.modelId,
       ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE: '1',
-      ELECTRON_NO_ATTACH_CONSOLE: '1'
+      ELECTRON_NO_ATTACH_CONSOLE: '1',
+      // Set CLAUDE_CONFIG_DIR to app's userData directory to avoid path encoding issues
+      // on Windows when the username contains non-ASCII characters (e.g., Chinese characters)
+      // This prevents the SDK from using the user's home directory which may have encoding problems
+      CLAUDE_CONFIG_DIR: path.join(app.getPath('userData'), '.claude')
     }
 
     const errorChunks: string[] = []
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/chunk/handleToolCallChunk.ts b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/chunk/handleToolCallChunk.ts
index 32c7e534e..b5acbb690 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/chunk/handleToolCallChunk.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/chunk/handleToolCallChunk.ts
@@ -212,8 +212,9 @@ export class ToolCallChunkHandler {
         description: toolName,
         type: 'builtin'
       } as BaseTool
-    } else if ((mcpTool = this.mcpTools.find((t) => t.name === toolName) as MCPTool)) {
+    } else if ((mcpTool = this.mcpTools.find((t) => t.id === toolName) as MCPTool)) {
       // 如果是客户端执行的 MCP 工具，沿用现有逻辑
+      // toolName is mcpTool.id (registered with id as key in convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools)
       logger.info(`[ToolCallChunkHandler] Handling client-side MCP tool: ${toolName}`)
       // mcpTool = this.mcpTools.find((t) => t.name === toolName) as MCPTool
       // if (!mcpTool) {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/legacy/clients/gemini/GeminiAPIClient.ts b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/legacy/clients/gemini/GeminiAPIClient.ts
index 27e659c1a..9c930a33e 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/legacy/clients/gemini/GeminiAPIClient.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/legacy/clients/gemini/GeminiAPIClient.ts
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ import type {
   GeminiSdkRawOutput,
   GeminiSdkToolCall
 } from '@renderer/types/sdk'
+import { getTrailingApiVersion, withoutTrailingApiVersion } from '@renderer/utils'
 import { isToolUseModeFunction } from '@renderer/utils/assistant'
 import {
   geminiFunctionCallToMcpTool,
@@ -163,6 +164,10 @@ export class GeminiAPIClient extends BaseApiClient<
     return models
   }
 
+  override getBaseURL(): string {
+    return withoutTrailingApiVersion(super.getBaseURL())
+  }
+
   override async getSdkInstance() {
     if (this.sdkInstance) {
       return this.sdkInstance
@@ -188,6 +193,13 @@ export class GeminiAPIClient extends BaseApiClient<
     if (this.provider.isVertex) {
       return 'v1'
     }
+
+    // Extract trailing API version from the URL
+    const trailingVersion = getTrailingApiVersion(this.provider.apiHost || '')
+    if (trailingVersion) {
+      return trailingVersion
+    }
+
     return 'v1beta'
   }
 
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/prepareParams/header.ts b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/prepareParams/header.ts
index 615f07db3..480f13314 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/prepareParams/header.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/prepareParams/header.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { isAwsBedrockProvider, isVertexProvider } from '@renderer/utils/provider
 // https://docs.claude.com/en/docs/build-with-claude/extended-thinking#interleaved-thinking
 const INTERLEAVED_THINKING_HEADER = 'interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14'
 // https://docs.claude.com/en/docs/build-with-claude/context-windows#1m-token-context-window
-const CONTEXT_100M_HEADER = 'context-1m-2025-08-07'
+// const CONTEXT_100M_HEADER = 'context-1m-2025-08-07'
 // https://docs.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/generative-ai/docs/partner-models/claude/web-search
 const WEBSEARCH_HEADER = 'web-search-2025-03-05'
 
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ export function addAnthropicHeaders(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): string[
     if (isVertexProvider(provider) && assistant.enableWebSearch) {
       anthropicHeaders.push(WEBSEARCH_HEADER)
     }
-    anthropicHeaders.push(CONTEXT_100M_HEADER)
+    // We may add it by user preference in assistant.settings instead of always adding it.
+    // See #11540, #11397
+    // anthropicHeaders.push(CONTEXT_100M_HEADER)
   }
   return anthropicHeaders
 }
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/trace/AiSdkSpanAdapter.ts b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/trace/AiSdkSpanAdapter.ts
index f3df504de..0c0e08a03 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/trace/AiSdkSpanAdapter.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/trace/AiSdkSpanAdapter.ts
@@ -245,8 +245,8 @@ export class AiSdkSpanAdapter {
       'gen_ai.usage.output_tokens'
     ]
 
-    const completionTokens = attributes[inputsTokenKeys.find((key) => attributes[key]) || '']
-    const promptTokens = attributes[outputTokenKeys.find((key) => attributes[key]) || '']
+    const promptTokens = attributes[inputsTokenKeys.find((key) => attributes[key]) || '']
+    const completionTokens = attributes[outputTokenKeys.find((key) => attributes[key]) || '']
 
     if (completionTokens !== undefined || promptTokens !== undefined) {
       const usage: TokenUsage = {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/trace/__tests__/AiSdkSpanAdapter.test.ts b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/trace/__tests__/AiSdkSpanAdapter.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cd6241e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/trace/__tests__/AiSdkSpanAdapter.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import type { Span } from '@opentelemetry/api'
+import { SpanKind, SpanStatusCode } from '@opentelemetry/api'
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import { AiSdkSpanAdapter } from '../AiSdkSpanAdapter'
+
+vi.mock('@logger', () => ({
+  loggerService: {
+    withContext: () => ({
+      debug: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn()
+    })
+  }
+}))
+
+describe('AiSdkSpanAdapter', () => {
+  const createMockSpan = (attributes: Record<string, unknown>): Span => {
+    const span = {
+      spanContext: () => ({
+        traceId: 'trace-id',
+        spanId: 'span-id'
+      }),
+      _attributes: attributes,
+      _events: [],
+      name: 'test span',
+      status: { code: SpanStatusCode.OK },
+      kind: SpanKind.CLIENT,
+      startTime: [0, 0] as [number, number],
+      endTime: [0, 1] as [number, number],
+      ended: true,
+      parentSpanId: '',
+      links: []
+    }
+    return span as unknown as Span
+  }
+
+  it('maps prompt and completion usage tokens to the correct fields', () => {
+    const attributes = {
+      'ai.usage.promptTokens': 321,
+      'ai.usage.completionTokens': 654
+    }
+
+    const span = createMockSpan(attributes)
+    const result = AiSdkSpanAdapter.convertToSpanEntity({ span })
+
+    expect(result.usage).toBeDefined()
+    expect(result.usage?.prompt_tokens).toBe(321)
+    expect(result.usage?.completion_tokens).toBe(654)
+    expect(result.usage?.total_tokens).toBe(975)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/__tests__/reasoning.test.ts b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/__tests__/reasoning.test.ts
index 1303e254a..36253e5c1 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/__tests__/reasoning.test.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/__tests__/reasoning.test.ts
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ describe('reasoning utils', () => {
       expect(result).toEqual({})
     })
 
-    it('should disable reasoning for OpenRouter when no reasoning effort set', async () => {
+    it('should not override reasoning for OpenRouter when reasoning effort undefined', async () => {
       const { isReasoningModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
 
       vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
@@ -161,6 +161,29 @@ describe('reasoning utils', () => {
         settings: {}
       } as Assistant
 
+      const result = getReasoningEffort(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should disable reasoning for OpenRouter when reasoning effort explicitly none', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'anthropic/claude-sonnet-4',
+        name: 'Claude Sonnet 4',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openrouter
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'none'
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
       const result = getReasoningEffort(assistant, model)
       expect(result).toEqual({ reasoning: { enabled: false, exclude: true } })
     })
@@ -269,7 +292,9 @@ describe('reasoning utils', () => {
       const assistant: Assistant = {
         id: 'test',
         name: 'Test',
-        settings: {}
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'none'
+        }
       } as Assistant
 
       const result = getReasoningEffort(assistant, model)
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/reasoning.ts b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/reasoning.ts
index 8f0df91e7..f320a9f5d 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/reasoning.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/reasoning.ts
@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@ import {
   isGPT5SeriesModel,
   isGPT51SeriesModel,
   isGrok4FastReasoningModel,
-  isGrokReasoningModel,
   isOpenAIDeepResearchModel,
   isOpenAIModel,
-  isOpenAIReasoningModel,
   isQwenAlwaysThinkModel,
   isQwenReasoningModel,
   isReasoningModel,
@@ -64,30 +62,22 @@ export function getReasoningEffort(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Reasonin
   }
   const reasoningEffort = assistant?.settings?.reasoning_effort
 
-  // Handle undefined and 'none' reasoningEffort.
-  // TODO: They should be separated.
-  if (!reasoningEffort || reasoningEffort === 'none') {
+  // reasoningEffort is not set, no extra reasoning setting
+  // Generally, for every model which supports reasoning control, the reasoning effort won't be undefined.
+  // It's for some reasoning models that don't support reasoning control, such as deepseek reasoner.
+  if (!reasoningEffort) {
+    return {}
+  }
+
+  // Handle 'none' reasoningEffort. It's explicitly off.
+  if (reasoningEffort === 'none') {
     // openrouter: use reasoning
     if (model.provider === SystemProviderIds.openrouter) {
-      // Don't disable reasoning for Gemini models that support thinking tokens
-      if (isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel(model) && !GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL_REGEX.test(model.id)) {
-        return {}
-      }
       // 'none' is not an available value for effort for now.
       // I think they should resolve this issue soon, so I'll just go ahead and use this value.
       if (isGPT51SeriesModel(model) && reasoningEffort === 'none') {
         return { reasoning: { effort: 'none' } }
       }
-      // Don't disable reasoning for models that require it
-      if (
-        isGrokReasoningModel(model) ||
-        isOpenAIReasoningModel(model) ||
-        isQwenAlwaysThinkModel(model) ||
-        model.id.includes('seed-oss') ||
-        model.id.includes('minimax-m2')
-      ) {
-        return {}
-      }
       return { reasoning: { enabled: false, exclude: true } }
     }
 
@@ -101,11 +91,6 @@ export function getReasoningEffort(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Reasonin
       return { enable_thinking: false }
     }
 
-    // claude
-    if (isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel(model)) {
-      return {}
-    }
-
     // gemini
     if (isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel(model)) {
       if (GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL_REGEX.test(model.id)) {
@@ -118,8 +103,10 @@ export function getReasoningEffort(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Reasonin
             }
           }
         }
+      } else {
+        logger.warn(`Model ${model.id} cannot disable reasoning. Fallback to empty reasoning param.`)
+        return {}
       }
-      return {}
     }
 
     // use thinking, doubao, zhipu, etc.
@@ -139,6 +126,7 @@ export function getReasoningEffort(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Reasonin
       }
     }
 
+    logger.warn(`Model ${model.id} doesn't match any disable reasoning behavior. Fallback to empty reasoning param.`)
     return {}
   }
 
@@ -293,6 +281,7 @@ export function getReasoningEffort(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Reasonin
   }
 
   // OpenRouter models, use reasoning
+  // FIXME: duplicated openrouter handling. remove one
   if (model.provider === SystemProviderIds.openrouter) {
     if (isSupportedReasoningEffortModel(model) || isSupportedThinkingTokenModel(model)) {
       return {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/assets/styles/ant.css b/src/renderer/src/assets/styles/ant.css
index 30005ff73..7d651a6a6 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/assets/styles/ant.css
+++ b/src/renderer/src/assets/styles/ant.css
@@ -215,6 +215,10 @@
   border-top: none !important;
 }
 
+.ant-collapse-header-text {
+  overflow-x: hidden;
+}
+
 .ant-slider .ant-slider-handle::after {
   box-shadow: 0 1px 4px 0px rgb(128 128 128 / 50%) !important;
 }
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/ImageViewer.tsx b/src/renderer/src/components/ImageViewer.tsx
index ac1050f78..52cb2412f 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/ImageViewer.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/ImageViewer.tsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 } from '@ant-design/icons'
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import { download } from '@renderer/utils/download'
+import { convertImageToPng } from '@renderer/utils/image'
 import type { ImageProps as AntImageProps } from 'antd'
 import { Dropdown, Image as AntImage, Space } from 'antd'
 import { Base64 } from 'js-base64'
@@ -33,39 +34,38 @@ const ImageViewer: React.FC<ImageViewerProps> = ({ src, style, ...props }) => {
   // 复制图片到剪贴板
   const handleCopyImage = async (src: string) => {
     try {
+      let blob: Blob
+
       if (src.startsWith('data:')) {
         // 处理 base64 格式的图片
         const match = src.match(/^data:(image\/\w+);base64,(.+)$/)
         if (!match) throw new Error('Invalid base64 image format')
         const mimeType = match[1]
         const byteArray = Base64.toUint8Array(match[2])
-        const blob = new Blob([byteArray as unknown as BlobPart], { type: mimeType })
-        await navigator.clipboard.write([new ClipboardItem({ [mimeType]: blob })])
+        blob = new Blob([byteArray as unknown as BlobPart], { type: mimeType })
       } else if (src.startsWith('file://')) {
         // 处理本地文件路径
         const bytes = await window.api.fs.read(src)
         const mimeType = mime.getType(src) || 'application/octet-stream'
-        const blob = new Blob([bytes], { type: mimeType })
-        await navigator.clipboard.write([
-          new ClipboardItem({
-            [mimeType]: blob
-          })
-        ])
+        blob = new Blob([bytes], { type: mimeType })
       } else {
         // 处理 URL 格式的图片
         const response = await fetch(src)
-        const blob = await response.blob()
-
-        await navigator.clipboard.write([
-          new ClipboardItem({
-            [blob.type]: blob
-          })
-        ])
+        blob = await response.blob()
       }
 
+      // 统一转换为 PNG 以确保兼容性（剪贴板 API 不支持 JPEG）
+      const pngBlob = await convertImageToPng(blob)
+
+      const item = new ClipboardItem({
+        'image/png': pngBlob
+      })
+      await navigator.clipboard.write([item])
+
       window.toast.success(t('message.copy.success'))
     } catch (error) {
-      logger.error('Failed to copy image:', error as Error)
+      const err = error as Error
+      logger.error(`Failed to copy image: ${err.message}`, { stack: err.stack })
       window.toast.error(t('message.copy.failed'))
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/config/models/reasoning.ts b/src/renderer/src/config/models/reasoning.ts
index dab918d5f..fc3c925db 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/config/models/reasoning.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/config/models/reasoning.ts
@@ -460,16 +460,19 @@ export const isSupportedThinkingTokenZhipuModel = (model: Model): boolean => {
 }
 
 export const isDeepSeekHybridInferenceModel = (model: Model) => {
-  const modelId = getLowerBaseModelName(model.id)
-  // deepseek官方使用chat和reasoner做推理控制，其他provider需要单独判断，id可能会有所差别
-  // openrouter: deepseek/deepseek-chat-v3.1 不知道会不会有其他provider仿照ds官方分出一个同id的作为非思考模式的模型，这里有风险
-  // Matches: "deepseek-v3" followed by ".digit" or "-digit".
-  // Optionally, this can be followed by ".alphanumeric_sequence" or "-alphanumeric_sequence"
-  // until the end of the string.
-  // Examples: deepseek-v3.1, deepseek-v3-1, deepseek-v3.1.2, deepseek-v3.1-alpha
-  // Does NOT match: deepseek-v3.123 (missing separator after '1'), deepseek-v3.x (x isn't a digit)
-  // TODO: move to utils and add test cases
-  return /deepseek-v3(?:\.\d|-\d)(?:(\.|-)\w+)?$/.test(modelId) || modelId.includes('deepseek-chat-v3.1')
+  const { idResult, nameResult } = withModelIdAndNameAsId(model, (model) => {
+    const modelId = getLowerBaseModelName(model.id)
+    // deepseek官方使用chat和reasoner做推理控制，其他provider需要单独判断，id可能会有所差别
+    // openrouter: deepseek/deepseek-chat-v3.1 不知道会不会有其他provider仿照ds官方分出一个同id的作为非思考模式的模型，这里有风险
+    // Matches: "deepseek-v3" followed by ".digit" or "-digit".
+    // Optionally, this can be followed by ".alphanumeric_sequence" or "-alphanumeric_sequence"
+    // until the end of the string.
+    // Examples: deepseek-v3.1, deepseek-v3-1, deepseek-v3.1.2, deepseek-v3.1-alpha
+    // Does NOT match: deepseek-v3.123 (missing separator after '1'), deepseek-v3.x (x isn't a digit)
+    // TODO: move to utils and add test cases
+    return /deepseek-v3(?:\.\d|-\d)(?:(\.|-)\w+)?$/.test(modelId) || modelId.includes('deepseek-chat-v3.1')
+  })
+  return idResult || nameResult
 }
 
 export const isLingReasoningModel = (model?: Model): boolean => {
@@ -523,7 +526,6 @@ export function isReasoningModel(model?: Model): boolean {
       REASONING_REGEX.test(model.name) ||
       isSupportedThinkingTokenDoubaoModel(model) ||
       isDeepSeekHybridInferenceModel(model) ||
-      isDeepSeekHybridInferenceModel({ ...model, id: model.name }) ||
       false
     )
   }
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/hooks/useScrollPosition.ts b/src/renderer/src/hooks/useScrollPosition.ts
index d7d78479b..dc6f70b9c 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/hooks/useScrollPosition.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/hooks/useScrollPosition.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { cacheService } from '@data/CacheService'
 import { throttle } from 'lodash'
-import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from 'react'
 
 import { useTimer } from './useTimer'
 
@@ -13,13 +13,18 @@ import { useTimer } from './useTimer'
  */
 export default function useScrollPosition(key: string, throttleWait?: number) {
   const containerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
-  const scrollKey = `scroll:${key}`
+  const scrollKey = useMemo(() => `scroll:${key}`, [key])
+  const scrollKeyRef = useRef(scrollKey)
   const { setTimeoutTimer } = useTimer()
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    scrollKeyRef.current = scrollKey
+  }, [scrollKey])
+
   const handleScroll = throttle(() => {
     const position = containerRef.current?.scrollTop ?? 0
     window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-      cacheService.set(scrollKey, position)
+      cacheService.set(scrollKeyRef.current, position)
     })
   }, throttleWait ?? 100)
 
@@ -29,5 +34,9 @@ export default function useScrollPosition(key: string, throttleWait?: number) {
     setTimeoutTimer('scrollEffect', scroll, 50)
   }, [scrollKey, setTimeoutTimer])
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    return () => handleScroll.cancel()
+  }, [handleScroll])
+
   return { containerRef, handleScroll }
 }
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/hooks/useTimer.ts b/src/renderer/src/hooks/useTimer.ts
index af4df045c..69fa89cdf 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/hooks/useTimer.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/hooks/useTimer.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef } from 'react'
 
 /**
  * 定时器管理 Hook，用于管理 setTimeout 和 setInterval 定时器，支持通过 key 来标识不同的定时器
@@ -43,10 +43,38 @@ export const useTimer = () => {
   const timeoutMapRef = useRef(new Map<string, NodeJS.Timeout>())
   const intervalMapRef = useRef(new Map<string, NodeJS.Timeout>())
 
+  /**
+   * 清除指定 key 的 setTimeout 定时器
+   * @param key - 定时器标识符
+   */
+  const clearTimeoutTimer = useCallback((key: string) => {
+    clearTimeout(timeoutMapRef.current.get(key))
+    timeoutMapRef.current.delete(key)
+  }, [])
+
+  /**
+   * 清除指定 key 的 setInterval 定时器
+   * @param key - 定时器标识符
+   */
+  const clearIntervalTimer = useCallback((key: string) => {
+    clearInterval(intervalMapRef.current.get(key))
+    intervalMapRef.current.delete(key)
+  }, [])
+
+  /**
+   * 清除所有定时器，包括 setTimeout 和 setInterval
+   */
+  const clearAllTimers = useCallback(() => {
+    timeoutMapRef.current.forEach((timer) => clearTimeout(timer))
+    intervalMapRef.current.forEach((timer) => clearInterval(timer))
+    timeoutMapRef.current.clear()
+    intervalMapRef.current.clear()
+  }, [])
+
   // 组件卸载时自动清理所有定时器
   useEffect(() => {
     return () => clearAllTimers()
-  }, [])
+  }, [clearAllTimers])
 
   /**
    * 设置一个 setTimeout 定时器
@@ -65,12 +93,15 @@ export const useTimer = () => {
    * cleanup();
    * ```
    */
-  const setTimeoutTimer = (key: string, ...args: Parameters<typeof setTimeout>) => {
-    clearTimeout(timeoutMapRef.current.get(key))
-    const timer = setTimeout(...args)
-    timeoutMapRef.current.set(key, timer)
-    return () => clearTimeoutTimer(key)
-  }
+  const setTimeoutTimer = useCallback(
+    (key: string, ...args: Parameters<typeof setTimeout>) => {
+      clearTimeout(timeoutMapRef.current.get(key))
+      const timer = setTimeout(...args)
+      timeoutMapRef.current.set(key, timer)
+      return () => clearTimeoutTimer(key)
+    },
+    [clearTimeoutTimer]
+  )
 
   /**
    * 设置一个 setInterval 定时器
@@ -89,56 +120,31 @@ export const useTimer = () => {
    * cleanup();
    * ```
    */
-  const setIntervalTimer = (key: string, ...args: Parameters<typeof setInterval>) => {
-    clearInterval(intervalMapRef.current.get(key))
-    const timer = setInterval(...args)
-    intervalMapRef.current.set(key, timer)
-    return () => clearIntervalTimer(key)
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * 清除指定 key 的 setTimeout 定时器
-   * @param key - 定时器标识符
-   */
-  const clearTimeoutTimer = (key: string) => {
-    clearTimeout(timeoutMapRef.current.get(key))
-    timeoutMapRef.current.delete(key)
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * 清除指定 key 的 setInterval 定时器
-   * @param key - 定时器标识符
-   */
-  const clearIntervalTimer = (key: string) => {
-    clearInterval(intervalMapRef.current.get(key))
-    intervalMapRef.current.delete(key)
-  }
+  const setIntervalTimer = useCallback(
+    (key: string, ...args: Parameters<typeof setInterval>) => {
+      clearInterval(intervalMapRef.current.get(key))
+      const timer = setInterval(...args)
+      intervalMapRef.current.set(key, timer)
+      return () => clearIntervalTimer(key)
+    },
+    [clearIntervalTimer]
+  )
 
   /**
    * 清除所有 setTimeout 定时器
    */
-  const clearAllTimeoutTimers = () => {
+  const clearAllTimeoutTimers = useCallback(() => {
     timeoutMapRef.current.forEach((timer) => clearTimeout(timer))
     timeoutMapRef.current.clear()
-  }
+  }, [])
 
   /**
    * 清除所有 setInterval 定时器
    */
-  const clearAllIntervalTimers = () => {
+  const clearAllIntervalTimers = useCallback(() => {
     intervalMapRef.current.forEach((timer) => clearInterval(timer))
     intervalMapRef.current.clear()
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * 清除所有定时器，包括 setTimeout 和 setInterval
-   */
-  const clearAllTimers = () => {
-    timeoutMapRef.current.forEach((timer) => clearTimeout(timer))
-    intervalMapRef.current.forEach((timer) => clearInterval(timer))
-    timeoutMapRef.current.clear()
-    intervalMapRef.current.clear()
-  }
+  }, [])
 
   return {
     setTimeoutTimer,
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en-us.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en-us.json
index a57c549c7..782340e01 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en-us.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en-us.json
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@
         "denied": "Tool request was denied.",
         "timeout": "Tool request timed out before receiving approval."
       },
+      "toolPendingFallback": "Tool",
       "waiting": "Waiting for tool permission decision..."
     },
     "type": {
@@ -1208,7 +1209,7 @@
   "endpoint_type": {
     "anthropic": "Anthropic",
     "gemini": "Gemini",
-    "image-generation": "Image Generation",
+    "image-generation": "Image Generation (OpenAI)",
     "jina-rerank": "Jina Rerank",
     "openai": "OpenAI",
     "openai-response": "OpenAI-Response"
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-cn.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-cn.json
index 8f1d81aab..c1874f7fb 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-cn.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-cn.json
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@
         "denied": "工具请求已被拒绝。",
         "timeout": "工具请求在收到批准前超时。"
       },
+      "toolPendingFallback": "工具",
       "waiting": "等待工具权限决定..."
     },
     "type": {
@@ -1208,7 +1209,7 @@
   "endpoint_type": {
     "anthropic": "Anthropic",
     "gemini": "Gemini",
-    "image-generation": "图片生成",
+    "image-generation": "图像生成 (OpenAI)",
     "jina-rerank": "Jina 重排序",
     "openai": "OpenAI",
     "openai-response": "OpenAI-Response"
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-tw.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-tw.json
index acda928d3..db81e3000 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-tw.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-tw.json
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@
         "denied": "工具請求已被拒絕。",
         "timeout": "工具請求在收到核准前逾時。"
       },
+      "toolPendingFallback": "工具",
       "waiting": "等待工具權限決定..."
     },
     "type": {
@@ -1208,7 +1209,7 @@
   "endpoint_type": {
     "anthropic": "Anthropic",
     "gemini": "Gemini",
-    "image-generation": "圖片生成",
+    "image-generation": "圖像生成 (OpenAI)",
     "jina-rerank": "Jina Rerank",
     "openai": "OpenAI",
     "openai-response": "OpenAI-Response"
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/de-de.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/de-de.json
index 94c338ba3..e7314482a 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/de-de.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/de-de.json
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@
         "denied": "Tool-Anfrage wurde abgelehnt.",
         "timeout": "Tool-Anfrage ist abgelaufen, bevor eine Genehmigung eingegangen ist."
       },
+      "toolPendingFallback": "Werkzeug",
       "waiting": "Warten auf Entscheidung über Tool-Berechtigung..."
     },
     "type": {
@@ -1208,7 +1209,7 @@
   "endpoint_type": {
     "anthropic": "Anthropic",
     "gemini": "Gemini",
-    "image-generation": "Bildgenerierung",
+    "image-generation": "Bilderzeugung (OpenAI)",
     "jina-rerank": "Jina Reranking",
     "openai": "OpenAI",
     "openai-response": "OpenAI-Response"
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/el-gr.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/el-gr.json
index b13975d21..bc825ec68 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/el-gr.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/el-gr.json
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@
         "denied": "Το αίτημα για εργαλείο απορρίφθηκε.",
         "timeout": "Το αίτημα για το εργαλείο έληξε πριν λάβει έγκριση."
       },
+      "toolPendingFallback": "Εργαλείο",
       "waiting": "Αναμονή για απόφαση άδειας εργαλείου..."
     },
     "type": {
@@ -1208,7 +1209,7 @@
   "endpoint_type": {
     "anthropic": "Anthropic",
     "gemini": "Gemini",
-    "image-generation": "Δημιουργία Εικόνας",
+    "image-generation": "Δημιουργία Εικόνων (OpenAI)",
     "jina-rerank": "Επαναταξινόμηση Jina",
     "openai": "OpenAI",
     "openai-response": "Απάντηση OpenAI"
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/es-es.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/es-es.json
index 08b90da9a..2da83ad22 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/es-es.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/es-es.json
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@
         "denied": "La solicitud de herramienta fue denegada.",
         "timeout": "La solicitud de herramienta expiró antes de recibir la aprobación."
       },
+      "toolPendingFallback": "Herramienta",
       "waiting": "Esperando la decisión de permiso de la herramienta..."
     },
     "type": {
@@ -1208,7 +1209,7 @@
   "endpoint_type": {
     "anthropic": "Anthropic",
     "gemini": "Gemini",
-    "image-generation": "Generación de imágenes",
+    "image-generation": "Generación de Imágenes (OpenAI)",
     "jina-rerank": "Reordenamiento Jina",
     "openai": "OpenAI",
     "openai-response": "Respuesta de OpenAI"
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/fr-fr.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/fr-fr.json
index 9a744c2d5..3f3e9108c 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/fr-fr.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/fr-fr.json
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@
         "denied": "La demande d'outil a été refusée.",
         "timeout": "La demande d'outil a expiré avant d'obtenir l'approbation."
       },
+      "toolPendingFallback": "Outil",
       "waiting": "En attente de la décision d'autorisation de l'outil..."
     },
     "type": {
@@ -1208,7 +1209,7 @@
   "endpoint_type": {
     "anthropic": "Anthropic",
     "gemini": "Gemini",
-    "image-generation": "Génération d'images",
+    "image-generation": "Génération d'images (OpenAI)",
     "jina-rerank": "Reclassement Jina",
     "openai": "OpenAI",
     "openai-response": "Réponse OpenAI"
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/ja-jp.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/ja-jp.json
index 98c571adb..e2591fb20 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/ja-jp.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/ja-jp.json
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@
         "denied": "ツールリクエストは拒否されました。",
         "timeout": "ツールリクエストは承認を受ける前にタイムアウトしました。"
       },
+      "toolPendingFallback": "ツール",
       "waiting": "ツールの許可決定を待っています..."
     },
     "type": {
@@ -1208,7 +1209,7 @@
   "endpoint_type": {
     "anthropic": "Anthropic",
     "gemini": "Gemini",
-    "image-generation": "画像生成",
+    "image-generation": "画像生成 (OpenAI)",
     "jina-rerank": "Jina Rerank",
     "openai": "OpenAI",
     "openai-response": "OpenAI-Response"
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/pt-pt.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/pt-pt.json
index ae993eaf1..cae6ebd38 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/pt-pt.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/pt-pt.json
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
       "error": {
         "failed": "Falha ao excluir o agente"
       },
-      "title": "删除代理"
+      "title": "Excluir Agente"
     },
     "edit": {
       "title": "Agent Editor"
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
           "label": "Modo de permissão",
           "options": {
             "acceptEdits": "Aceitar edições automaticamente",
-            "bypassPermissions": "忽略检查 de permissão",
+            "bypassPermissions": "Ignorar verificações de permissão",
             "default": "Padrão (perguntar antes de continuar)",
             "plan": "Modo de planejamento (plano sujeito a aprovação)"
           },
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
         },
         "success": {
           "install": "Plugin instalado com sucesso",
-          "uninstall": "插件 desinstalado com sucesso"
+          "uninstall": "Plugin desinstalado com sucesso"
         },
         "tab": "plug-in",
         "type": {
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@
         "denied": "Solicitação de ferramenta foi negada.",
         "timeout": "A solicitação da ferramenta expirou antes de receber aprovação."
       },
+      "toolPendingFallback": "Ferramenta",
       "waiting": "Aguardando decisão de permissão da ferramenta..."
     },
     "type": {
@@ -1134,7 +1135,7 @@
     "duplicate": "Duplicar",
     "edit": "Editar",
     "enabled": "Ativado",
-    "error": "错误",
+    "error": "Erro",
     "errors": {
       "create_message": "Falha ao criar mensagem",
       "validation": "Falha na verificação"
@@ -1208,7 +1209,7 @@
   "endpoint_type": {
     "anthropic": "Anthropic",
     "gemini": "Gemini",
-    "image-generation": "Geração de Imagem",
+    "image-generation": "Geração de Imagens (OpenAI)",
     "jina-rerank": "Jina Reordenar",
     "openai": "OpenAI",
     "openai-response": "Resposta OpenAI"
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/ru-ru.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/ru-ru.json
index 931dcb317..fe5ebbcb2 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/ru-ru.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/ru-ru.json
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@
         "denied": "Запрос на инструмент был отклонён.",
         "timeout": "Запрос на инструмент превысил время ожидания до получения подтверждения."
       },
+      "toolPendingFallback": "Инструмент",
       "waiting": "Ожидание решения о разрешении на использование инструмента..."
     },
     "type": {
@@ -1208,7 +1209,7 @@
   "endpoint_type": {
     "anthropic": "Anthropic",
     "gemini": "Gemini",
-    "image-generation": "Изображение",
+    "image-generation": "Генерация изображений (OpenAI)",
     "jina-rerank": "Jina Rerank",
     "openai": "OpenAI",
     "openai-response": "OpenAI-Response"
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/AgentSessionInputbar.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/AgentSessionInputbar.tsx
index 524d642aa..319a4c905 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/AgentSessionInputbar.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/AgentSessionInputbar.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+import { cacheService } from '@data/CacheService'
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import type { QuickPanelTriggerInfo } from '@renderer/components/QuickPanel'
 import { QuickPanelReservedSymbol, useQuickPanel } from '@renderer/components/QuickPanel'
 import { isGenerateImageModel, isVisionModel } from '@renderer/config/models'
-import { cacheService } from '@renderer/data/CacheService'
 import { useSession } from '@renderer/hooks/agents/useSession'
 import { useInputText } from '@renderer/hooks/useInputText'
 import { selectNewTopicLoading } from '@renderer/hooks/useMessageOperations'
@@ -422,6 +422,7 @@ const AgentSessionInputbarInner: FC<InnerProps> = ({ assistant, agentId, session
         })
       )
 
+      // Clear text after successful send (draft is cleared automatically via onChange)
       setText('')
       setTimeoutTimer('agentSession_sendMessage', () => setText(''), 500)
     } catch (error) {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/Inputbar.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/Inputbar.tsx
index d13695475..c1637a0b1 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/Inputbar.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/Inputbar.tsx
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { cacheService } from '@data/CacheService'
 import { usePreference } from '@data/hooks/usePreference'
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import {
@@ -9,13 +10,11 @@ import {
   isVisionModels,
   isWebSearchModel
 } from '@renderer/config/models'
-import { cacheService } from '@renderer/data/CacheService'
 import db from '@renderer/databases'
 import { useAssistant } from '@renderer/hooks/useAssistant'
 import { useInputText } from '@renderer/hooks/useInputText'
 import { useMessageOperations, useTopicLoading } from '@renderer/hooks/useMessageOperations'
 import { useShortcut } from '@renderer/hooks/useShortcuts'
-import { useSidebarIconShow } from '@renderer/hooks/useSidebarIcon'
 import { useTextareaResize } from '@renderer/hooks/useTextareaResize'
 import { useTimer } from '@renderer/hooks/useTimer'
 import {
@@ -135,6 +134,10 @@ const InputbarInner: FC<InputbarInnerProps> = ({ assistant: initialAssistant, se
   const { setFiles, setMentionedModels, setSelectedKnowledgeBases } = useInputbarToolsDispatch()
   const { setCouldAddImageFile } = useInputbarToolsInternalDispatch()
 
+  const { text, setText } = useInputText({
+    initialValue: cacheService.get<string>(INPUTBAR_DRAFT_CACHE_KEY) ?? '',
+    onChange: (value) => cacheService.set(INPUTBAR_DRAFT_CACHE_KEY, value, DRAFT_CACHE_TTL)
+  })
   const { text, setText } = useInputText({
     initialValue: cacheService.get<string>(INPUTBAR_DRAFT_CACHE_KEY) ?? '',
     onChange: (value) => cacheService.set(INPUTBAR_DRAFT_CACHE_KEY, value, DRAFT_CACHE_TTL)
@@ -150,7 +153,6 @@ const InputbarInner: FC<InputbarInnerProps> = ({ assistant: initialAssistant, se
     minHeight: 30
   })
 
-  const showKnowledgeIcon = useSidebarIconShow('knowledge')
   const { assistant, addTopic, model, setModel, updateAssistant } = useAssistant(initialAssistant.id)
   const [showInputEstimatedTokens] = usePreference('chat.input.show_estimated_tokens')
   const [sendMessageShortcut] = usePreference('chat.input.send_message_shortcut')
@@ -408,9 +410,10 @@ const InputbarInner: FC<InputbarInnerProps> = ({ assistant: initialAssistant, se
     focusTextarea
   ])
 
+  // TODO: Just use assistant.knowledge_bases as selectedKnowledgeBases. context state is overdesigned.
   useEffect(() => {
-    setSelectedKnowledgeBases(showKnowledgeIcon ? (assistant.knowledge_bases ?? []) : [])
-  }, [assistant.knowledge_bases, setSelectedKnowledgeBases, showKnowledgeIcon])
+    setSelectedKnowledgeBases(assistant.knowledge_bases ?? [])
+  }, [assistant.knowledge_bases, setSelectedKnowledgeBases])
 
   useEffect(() => {
     // Disable web search if model doesn't support it
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/tools/knowledgeBaseTool.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/tools/knowledgeBaseTool.tsx
index 5e3ffcf86..787d98eb3 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/tools/knowledgeBaseTool.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/tools/knowledgeBaseTool.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { useAssistant } from '@renderer/hooks/useAssistant'
-import { useSidebarIconShow } from '@renderer/hooks/useSidebarIcon'
 import { defineTool, registerTool, TopicType } from '@renderer/pages/home/Inputbar/types'
 import type { KnowledgeBase } from '@renderer/types'
 import { isPromptToolUse, isSupportedToolUse } from '@renderer/utils/mcp-tools'
@@ -30,7 +29,6 @@ const knowledgeBaseTool = defineTool({
   render: function KnowledgeBaseToolRender(context) {
     const { assistant, state, actions, quickPanel } = context
 
-    const knowledgeSidebarEnabled = useSidebarIconShow('knowledge')
     const { updateAssistant } = useAssistant(assistant.id)
 
     const handleSelect = useCallback(
@@ -41,10 +39,6 @@ const knowledgeBaseTool = defineTool({
       [updateAssistant, actions]
     )
 
-    if (!knowledgeSidebarEnabled) {
-      return null
-    }
-
     return (
       <KnowledgeBaseButton
         quickPanel={quickPanel}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Blocks/ThinkingBlock.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Blocks/ThinkingBlock.tsx
index 7e7d67e74..ac01e317c 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Blocks/ThinkingBlock.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Blocks/ThinkingBlock.tsx
@@ -105,10 +105,12 @@ const ThinkingBlock: React.FC<Props> = ({ block }) => {
   )
 }
 
+const normalizeThinkingTime = (value?: number) => (typeof value === 'number' && Number.isFinite(value) ? value : 0)
+
 const ThinkingTimeSeconds = memo(
   ({ blockThinkingTime, isThinking }: { blockThinkingTime: number; isThinking: boolean }) => {
     const { t } = useTranslation()
-    const [displayTime, setDisplayTime] = useState(blockThinkingTime)
+    const [displayTime, setDisplayTime] = useState(normalizeThinkingTime(blockThinkingTime))
 
     const timer = useRef<NodeJS.Timeout | null>(null)
 
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ const ThinkingTimeSeconds = memo(
           clearInterval(timer.current)
           timer.current = null
         }
-        setDisplayTime(blockThinkingTime)
+        setDisplayTime(normalizeThinkingTime(blockThinkingTime))
       }
 
       return () => {
@@ -135,10 +137,10 @@ const ThinkingTimeSeconds = memo(
       }
     }, [isThinking, blockThinkingTime])
 
-    const thinkingTimeSeconds = useMemo(
-      () => ((displayTime < 1000 ? 100 : displayTime) / 1000).toFixed(1),
-      [displayTime]
-    )
+    const thinkingTimeSeconds = useMemo(() => {
+      const safeTime = normalizeThinkingTime(displayTime)
+      return ((safeTime < 1000 ? 100 : safeTime) / 1000).toFixed(1)
+    }, [displayTime])
 
     return isThinking
       ? t('chat.thinking', {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Blocks/__tests__/ThinkingBlock.test.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Blocks/__tests__/ThinkingBlock.test.tsx
index 96da357c5..edb92c355 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Blocks/__tests__/ThinkingBlock.test.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Blocks/__tests__/ThinkingBlock.test.tsx
@@ -287,6 +287,20 @@ describe('ThinkingBlock', () => {
         unmount()
       })
     })
+
+    it('should clamp invalid thinking times to a safe default', () => {
+      const testCases = [undefined, Number.NaN, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY]
+
+      testCases.forEach((thinking_millsec) => {
+        const block = createThinkingBlock({
+          thinking_millsec: thinking_millsec as any,
+          status: MessageBlockStatus.SUCCESS
+        })
+        const { unmount } = renderThinkingBlock(block)
+        expect(getThinkingTimeText()).toHaveTextContent('0.1s')
+        unmount()
+      })
+    })
   })
 
   describe('collapse behavior', () => {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/ChatNavigation.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/ChatNavigation.tsx
index 744f5c69e..4ed320d34 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/ChatNavigation.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/ChatNavigation.tsx
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { usePreference } from '@data/hooks/usePreference'
 import { useTimer } from '@renderer/hooks/useTimer'
 import type { RootState } from '@renderer/store'
 // import { selectCurrentTopicId } from '@renderer/store/newMessage'
+import { scrollIntoView } from '@renderer/utils/dom'
 import { Drawer } from 'antd'
 import type { FC } from 'react'
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
@@ -120,7 +121,8 @@ const ChatNavigation: FC<ChatNavigationProps> = ({ containerId }) => {
   }
 
   const scrollToMessage = (element: HTMLElement) => {
-    element.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' })
+    // Use container: 'nearest' to keep scroll within the chat pane (Chromium-only, see #11565, #11567)
+    scrollIntoView(element, { behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start', container: 'nearest' })
   }
 
   const scrollToTop = () => {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Message.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Message.tsx
index 3978ca123..81c3dd335 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Message.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Message.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { estimateMessageUsage } from '@renderer/services/TokenService'
 import type { Assistant, Topic } from '@renderer/types'
 import type { Message, MessageBlock } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
 import { classNames, cn } from '@renderer/utils'
+import { scrollIntoView } from '@renderer/utils/dom'
 import { isMessageProcessing } from '@renderer/utils/messageUtils/is'
 import { Divider } from 'antd'
 import type { Dispatch, FC, SetStateAction } from 'react'
@@ -84,9 +85,10 @@ const MessageItem: FC<Props> = ({
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (isEditing && messageContainerRef.current) {
-      messageContainerRef.current.scrollIntoView({
+      scrollIntoView(messageContainerRef.current, {
         behavior: 'smooth',
-        block: 'center'
+        block: 'center',
+        container: 'nearest'
       })
     }
   }, [isEditing])
@@ -129,7 +131,7 @@ const MessageItem: FC<Props> = ({
   const messageHighlightHandler = useCallback(
     (highlight: boolean = true) => {
       if (messageContainerRef.current) {
-        messageContainerRef.current.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth' })
+        scrollIntoView(messageContainerRef.current, { behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center', container: 'nearest' })
         if (highlight) {
           setTimeoutTimer(
             'messageHighlightHandler',
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageAnchorLine.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageAnchorLine.tsx
index 0832760b2..bbdc8f108 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageAnchorLine.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageAnchorLine.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { newMessagesActions } from '@renderer/store/newMessage'
 // import { updateMessageThunk } from '@renderer/store/thunk/messageThunk'
 import type { Message } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
 import { isEmoji, removeLeadingEmoji } from '@renderer/utils'
+import { scrollIntoView } from '@renderer/utils/dom'
 import { getMainTextContent } from '@renderer/utils/messageUtils/find'
 import { CircleChevronDown } from 'lucide-react'
 import { type FC, useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ const MessageAnchorLine: FC<MessageLineProps> = ({ messages }) => {
           () => {
             const messageElement = document.getElementById(`message-${message.id}`)
             if (messageElement) {
-              messageElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'auto', block: 'start' })
+              scrollIntoView(messageElement, { behavior: 'auto', block: 'start', container: 'nearest' })
             }
           },
           100
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ const MessageAnchorLine: FC<MessageLineProps> = ({ messages }) => {
         return
       }
 
-      messageElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' })
+      scrollIntoView(messageElement, { behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start', container: 'nearest' })
     },
     [setSelectedMessage]
   )
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageGroup.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageGroup.tsx
index 5d70f8f3d..00e1a8fa4 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageGroup.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageGroup.tsx
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { EVENT_NAMES, EventEmitter } from '@renderer/services/EventService'
 import type { Topic } from '@renderer/types'
 import type { Message } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
 import { classNames } from '@renderer/utils'
+import { scrollIntoView } from '@renderer/utils/dom'
 import type { MultiModelMessageStyle } from '@shared/data/preference/preferenceTypes'
 import { Popover } from 'antd'
 import type { ComponentProps } from 'react'
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ const MessageGroup = ({ messages, topic, registerMessageElement }: Props) => {
         () => {
           const messageElement = document.getElementById(`message-${message.id}`)
           if (messageElement) {
-            messageElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' })
+            scrollIntoView(messageElement, { behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start', container: 'nearest' })
           }
         },
         200
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ const MessageGroup = ({ messages, topic, registerMessageElement }: Props) => {
             setSelectedMessage(message)
           } else {
             // 直接滚动
-            element.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' })
+            scrollIntoView(element, { behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start', container: 'nearest' })
           }
         }
       }
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageOutline.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageOutline.tsx
index 1327dd4a8..0fb372841 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageOutline.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageOutline.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import type { RootState } from '@renderer/store'
 import { messageBlocksSelectors } from '@renderer/store/messageBlock'
 import type { Message } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
 import { MessageBlockType } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
+import { scrollIntoView } from '@renderer/utils/dom'
 import type { FC } from 'react'
 import React, { useMemo, useRef } from 'react'
 import { useSelector } from 'react-redux'
@@ -72,10 +73,10 @@ const MessageOutline: FC<MessageOutlineProps> = ({ message }) => {
     const parent = messageOutlineContainerRef.current?.parentElement
     const messageContentContainer = parent?.querySelector('.message-content-container')
     if (messageContentContainer) {
-      const headingElement = messageContentContainer.querySelector(`#${id}`)
+      const headingElement = messageContentContainer.querySelector<HTMLElement>(`#${id}`)
       if (headingElement) {
         const scrollBlock = ['horizontal', 'grid'].includes(message.multiModelMessageStyle ?? '') ? 'nearest' : 'start'
-        headingElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: scrollBlock })
+        scrollIntoView(headingElement, { behavior: 'smooth', block: scrollBlock, container: 'nearest' })
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Tools/MessageAgentTools/BashTool.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Tools/MessageAgentTools/BashTool.tsx
index 7d627c345..798807d4d 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Tools/MessageAgentTools/BashTool.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Tools/MessageAgentTools/BashTool.tsx
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ import { Terminal } from 'lucide-react'
 import { ToolTitle } from './GenericTools'
 import type { BashToolInput as BashToolInputType, BashToolOutput as BashToolOutputType } from './types'
 
-const MAX_TAG_LENGTH = 100
-
 export function BashTool({
   input,
   output
@@ -17,12 +15,10 @@ export function BashTool({
   // 如果有输出，计算输出行数
   const outputLines = output ? output.split('\n').length : 0
 
-  // 处理命令字符串的截断，添加空值检查
+  // 处理命令字符串，添加空值检查
   const command = input?.command ?? ''
-  const needsTruncate = command.length > MAX_TAG_LENGTH
-  const displayCommand = needsTruncate ? `${command.slice(0, MAX_TAG_LENGTH)}...` : command
 
-  const tagContent = <Tag className="whitespace-pre-wrap break-all font-mono">{displayCommand}</Tag>
+  const tagContent = <Tag className="!m-0 max-w-full truncate font-mono">{command}</Tag>
 
   return {
     key: 'tool',
@@ -34,16 +30,12 @@ export function BashTool({
           params={input?.description}
           stats={output ? `${outputLines} ${outputLines === 1 ? 'line' : 'lines'}` : undefined}
         />
-        <div className="mt-1">
-          {needsTruncate ? (
-            <Popover
-              content={<div className="max-w-xl whitespace-pre-wrap break-all font-mono">{command}</div>}
-              trigger="hover">
-              {tagContent}
-            </Popover>
-          ) : (
-            tagContent
-          )}
+        <div className="mt-1 max-w-full">
+          <Popover
+            content={<div className="max-w-xl whitespace-pre-wrap break-all font-mono text-xs">{command}</div>}
+            trigger="hover">
+            {tagContent}
+          </Popover>
         </div>
       </>
     ),
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Tools/MessageAgentTools/GenericTools.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Tools/MessageAgentTools/GenericTools.tsx
index 9eaaf76f2..2245730ce 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Tools/MessageAgentTools/GenericTools.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Tools/MessageAgentTools/GenericTools.tsx
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ export function ToolTitle({
 }) {
   return (
     <div className={`flex items-center gap-1 ${className}`}>
-      {icon}
-      {label && <span className="font-medium text-sm">{label}</span>}
-      {params && <span className="flex-shrink-0 text-muted-foreground text-xs">{params}</span>}
+      {icon && <span className="flex flex-shrink-0">{icon}</span>}
+      {label && <span className="flex-shrink-0 font-medium text-sm">{label}</span>}
+      {params && <span className="min-w-0 truncate text-muted-foreground text-xs">{params}</span>}
       {stats && <span className="flex-shrink-0 text-muted-foreground text-xs">{stats}</span>}
     </div>
   )
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Tools/MessageAgentTools/index.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Tools/MessageAgentTools/index.tsx
index 42a1cf403..e52330527 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Tools/MessageAgentTools/index.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/Tools/MessageAgentTools/index.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
+import { useAppSelector } from '@renderer/store'
+import { selectPendingPermission } from '@renderer/store/toolPermissions'
 import type { NormalToolResponse } from '@renderer/types'
 import type { CollapseProps } from 'antd'
-import { Collapse } from 'antd'
+import { Collapse, Spin } from 'antd'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 
 // 导出所有类型
 export * from './types'
@@ -83,17 +86,41 @@ function ToolContent({ toolName, input, output }: { toolName: AgentToolsType; in
 // 统一的组件渲染入口
 export function MessageAgentTools({ toolResponse }: { toolResponse: NormalToolResponse }) {
   const { arguments: args, response, tool, status } = toolResponse
-  logger.info('Rendering agent tool response', {
+  logger.debug('Rendering agent tool response', {
     tool: tool,
     arguments: args,
+    status,
     response
   })
 
+  const pendingPermission = useAppSelector((state) =>
+    selectPendingPermission(state.toolPermissions, toolResponse.toolCallId)
+  )
+
   if (status === 'pending') {
-    return <ToolPermissionRequestCard toolResponse={toolResponse} />
+    if (pendingPermission) {
+      return <ToolPermissionRequestCard toolResponse={toolResponse} />
+    }
+    return <ToolPendingIndicator toolName={tool?.name} description={tool?.description} />
   }
 
   return (
     <ToolContent toolName={tool.name as AgentToolsType} input={args as ToolInput} output={response as ToolOutput} />
   )
 }
+
+function ToolPendingIndicator({ toolName, description }: { toolName?: string; description?: string }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const label = toolName || t('agent.toolPermission.toolPendingFallback', 'Tool')
+  const detail = description?.trim() || t('agent.toolPermission.executing')
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex w-full max-w-xl items-center gap-3 rounded-xl border border-default-200 bg-default-100 px-4 py-3 shadow-sm">
+      <Spin size="small" />
+      <div className="flex flex-col gap-1">
+        <span className="font-semibold text-default-700 text-sm">{label}</span>
+        <span className="text-default-500 text-xs">{detail}</span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/services/ApiService.ts b/src/renderer/src/services/ApiService.ts
index 7d6c59e46..74b3224e4 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/services/ApiService.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/services/ApiService.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import type { FetchChatCompletionParams } from '@renderer/types'
 import type { Assistant, MCPServer, MCPTool, Model, Provider } from '@renderer/types'
 import type { StreamTextParams } from '@renderer/types/aiCoreTypes'
 import { type Chunk, ChunkType } from '@renderer/types/chunk'
-import type { Message } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
+import type { Message, ResponseError } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
 import type { SdkModel } from '@renderer/types/sdk'
 import { removeSpecialCharactersForTopicName, uuid } from '@renderer/utils'
 import { abortCompletion, readyToAbort } from '@renderer/utils/abortController'
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ export async function checkApi(provider: Provider, model: Model, timeout = 15000
   } else {
     const abortId = uuid()
     const signal = readyToAbort(abortId)
-    let chunkError
+    let streamError: ResponseError | undefined
     const params: StreamTextParams = {
       system: assistant.prompt,
       prompt: 'hi',
@@ -495,19 +495,18 @@ export async function checkApi(provider: Provider, model: Model, timeout = 15000
       callType: 'check',
       onChunk: (chunk: Chunk) => {
         if (chunk.type === ChunkType.ERROR) {
-          chunkError = chunk.error
+          streamError = chunk.error
         } else {
           abortCompletion(abortId)
         }
       }
     }
 
-    // Try streaming check
     try {
       await ai.completions(model.id, params, config)
     } catch (e) {
-      if (!isAbortError(e) && !isAbortError(chunkError)) {
-        throw e
+      if (!isAbortError(e) && !isAbortError(streamError)) {
+        throw streamError ?? e
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/types/index.ts b/src/renderer/src/types/index.ts
index 0dd26f40c..acad7664e 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/types/index.ts
@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ export type ModelType = 'text' | 'vision' | 'embedding' | 'reasoning' | 'functio
 
 export type ModelTag = Exclude<ModelType, 'text'> | 'free'
 
+// "image-generation" is also openai endpoint, but specifically for image generation.
 export type EndpointType = 'openai' | 'openai-response' | 'anthropic' | 'gemini' | 'image-generation' | 'jina-rerank'
 
 export type ModelPricing = {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/types/newMessage.ts b/src/renderer/src/types/newMessage.ts
index 5ce96e4ec..ef7179527 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/types/newMessage.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/types/newMessage.ts
@@ -234,6 +234,7 @@ export interface Response {
   error?: ResponseError
 }
 
+// FIXME: Weak type safety. It may be a specific class instance which inherits Error in runtime.
 export type ResponseError = Record<string, any>
 
 export interface MessageInputBaseParams {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/utils/__tests__/api.test.ts b/src/renderer/src/utils/__tests__/api.test.ts
index e854445fc..5b9d0f64f 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/utils/__tests__/api.test.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/utils/__tests__/api.test.ts
@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@ import {
   formatApiKeys,
   formatAzureOpenAIApiHost,
   formatVertexApiHost,
+  getTrailingApiVersion,
   hasAPIVersion,
   maskApiKey,
   routeToEndpoint,
   splitApiKeyString,
-  validateApiHost
+  validateApiHost,
+  withoutTrailingApiVersion
 } from '../api'
 
 vi.mock('@renderer/store', () => {
@@ -316,4 +318,90 @@ describe('api', () => {
       )
     })
   })
+
+  describe('getTrailingApiVersion', () => {
+    it('extracts trailing API version from URL', () => {
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1')).toBe('v1')
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v2')).toBe('v2')
+    })
+
+    it('extracts trailing API version with alpha/beta suffix', () => {
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v2alpha')).toBe('v2alpha')
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v3beta')).toBe('v3beta')
+    })
+
+    it('extracts trailing API version with trailing slash', () => {
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1/')).toBe('v1')
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v2beta/')).toBe('v2beta')
+    })
+
+    it('returns undefined when API version is in the middle of path', () => {
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1/chat')).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1/completions')).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('returns undefined when no trailing version exists', () => {
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com')).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/api')).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('extracts trailing version from complex URLs', () => {
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/service/v1')).toBe('v1')
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://gateway.ai.cloudflare.com/v1/xxx/google-ai-studio/v1beta')).toBe('v1beta')
+    })
+
+    it('only extracts the trailing version when multiple versions exist', () => {
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1/service/v2')).toBe('v2')
+      expect(
+        getTrailingApiVersion('https://gateway.ai.cloudflare.com/v1/xxxxxx/google-ai-studio/google-ai-studio/v1beta')
+      ).toBe('v1beta')
+    })
+
+    it('returns undefined for empty string', () => {
+      expect(getTrailingApiVersion('')).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('withoutTrailingApiVersion', () => {
+    it('removes trailing API version from URL', () => {
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1')).toBe('https://api.example.com')
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v2')).toBe('https://api.example.com')
+    })
+
+    it('removes trailing API version with alpha/beta suffix', () => {
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v2alpha')).toBe('https://api.example.com')
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v3beta')).toBe('https://api.example.com')
+    })
+
+    it('removes trailing API version with trailing slash', () => {
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1/')).toBe('https://api.example.com')
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v2beta/')).toBe('https://api.example.com')
+    })
+
+    it('does not remove API version in the middle of path', () => {
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1/chat')).toBe('https://api.example.com/v1/chat')
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1/completions')).toBe(
+        'https://api.example.com/v1/completions'
+      )
+    })
+
+    it('returns URL unchanged when no trailing version exists', () => {
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com')).toBe('https://api.example.com')
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/api')).toBe('https://api.example.com/api')
+    })
+
+    it('handles complex URLs with version at the end', () => {
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/service/v1')).toBe('https://api.example.com/service')
+    })
+
+    it('handles URLs with multiple versions but only removes the trailing one', () => {
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1/service/v2')).toBe(
+        'https://api.example.com/v1/service'
+      )
+    })
+
+    it('returns empty string unchanged', () => {
+      expect(withoutTrailingApiVersion('')).toBe('')
+    })
+  })
 })
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/utils/api.ts b/src/renderer/src/utils/api.ts
index 845187eb8..72d44c5c2 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/utils/api.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/utils/api.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,19 @@ export function formatApiKeys(value: string): string {
   return value.replaceAll('，', ',').replaceAll('\n', ',')
 }
 
+/**
+ * Matches a version segment in a path that starts with `/v<number>` and optionally
+ * continues with `alpha` or `beta`. The segment may be followed by `/` or the end
+ * of the string (useful for cases like `/v3alpha/resources`).
+ */
+const VERSION_REGEX_PATTERN = '\\/v\\d+(?:alpha|beta)?(?=\\/|$)'
+
+/**
+ * Matches an API version at the end of a URL (with optional trailing slash).
+ * Used to detect and extract versions only from the trailing position.
+ */
+const TRAILING_VERSION_REGEX = /\/v\d+(?:alpha|beta)?\/?$/i
+
 /**
  * 判断 host 的 path 中是否包含形如版本的字符串（例如 /v1、/v2beta 等），
  *
@@ -21,16 +34,14 @@ export function formatApiKeys(value: string): string {
 export function hasAPIVersion(host?: string): boolean {
   if (!host) return false
 
-  // 匹配路径中以 `/v<number>` 开头并可选跟随 `alpha` 或 `beta` 的版本段，
-  // 该段后面可以跟 `/` 或字符串结束（用于匹配诸如 `/v3alpha/resources` 的情况）。
-  const versionRegex = /\/v\d+(?:alpha|beta)?(?=\/|$)/i
+  const regex = new RegExp(VERSION_REGEX_PATTERN, 'i')
 
   try {
     const url = new URL(host)
-    return versionRegex.test(url.pathname)
+    return regex.test(url.pathname)
   } catch {
     // 若无法作为完整 URL 解析，则当作路径直接检测
-    return versionRegex.test(host)
+    return regex.test(host)
   }
 }
 
@@ -55,7 +66,7 @@ export function withoutTrailingSlash<T extends string>(url: T): T {
  * Formats an API host URL by normalizing it and optionally appending an API version.
  *
  * @param host - The API host URL to format. Leading/trailing whitespace will be trimmed and trailing slashes removed.
- * @param isSupportedAPIVerion - Whether the API version is supported. Defaults to `true`.
+ * @param supportApiVersion - Whether the API version is supported. Defaults to `true`.
  * @param apiVersion - The API version to append if needed. Defaults to `'v1'`.
  *
  * @returns The formatted API host URL. If the host is empty after normalization, returns an empty string.
@@ -67,13 +78,13 @@ export function withoutTrailingSlash<T extends string>(url: T): T {
  * formatApiHost('https://api.example.com#') // Returns 'https://api.example.com#'
  * formatApiHost('https://api.example.com/v2', true, 'v1') // Returns 'https://api.example.com/v2'
  */
-export function formatApiHost(host?: string, isSupportedAPIVerion: boolean = true, apiVersion: string = 'v1'): string {
+export function formatApiHost(host?: string, supportApiVersion: boolean = true, apiVersion: string = 'v1'): string {
   const normalizedHost = withoutTrailingSlash(trim(host))
   if (!normalizedHost) {
     return ''
   }
 
-  if (normalizedHost.endsWith('#') || !isSupportedAPIVerion || hasAPIVersion(normalizedHost)) {
+  if (normalizedHost.endsWith('#') || !supportApiVersion || hasAPIVersion(normalizedHost)) {
     return normalizedHost
   }
   return `${normalizedHost}/${apiVersion}`
@@ -213,3 +224,50 @@ export function splitApiKeyString(keyStr: string): string[] {
     .map((k) => k.replace(/\\,/g, ','))
     .filter((k) => k)
 }
+
+/**
+ * Extracts the trailing API version segment from a URL path.
+ *
+ * This function extracts API version patterns (e.g., `v1`, `v2beta`) from the end of a URL.
+ * Only versions at the end of the path are extracted, not versions in the middle.
+ * The returned version string does not include leading or trailing slashes.
+ *
+ * @param {string} url - The URL string to parse.
+ * @returns {string | undefined} The trailing API version found (e.g., 'v1', 'v2beta'), or undefined if none found.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1') // 'v1'
+ * getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v2beta/') // 'v2beta'
+ * getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1/chat') // undefined (version not at end)
+ * getTrailingApiVersion('https://gateway.ai.cloudflare.com/v1/xxx/v1beta') // 'v1beta'
+ * getTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com') // undefined
+ */
+export function getTrailingApiVersion(url: string): string | undefined {
+  const match = url.match(TRAILING_VERSION_REGEX)
+
+  if (match) {
+    // Extract version without leading slash and trailing slash
+    return match[0].replace(/^\//, '').replace(/\/$/, '')
+  }
+
+  return undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Removes the trailing API version segment from a URL path.
+ *
+ * This function removes API version patterns (e.g., `/v1`, `/v2beta`) from the end of a URL.
+ * Only versions at the end of the path are removed, not versions in the middle.
+ *
+ * @param {string} url - The URL string to process.
+ * @returns {string} The URL with the trailing API version removed, or the original URL if no trailing version found.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1') // 'https://api.example.com'
+ * withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v2beta/') // 'https://api.example.com'
+ * withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com/v1/chat') // 'https://api.example.com/v1/chat' (no change)
+ * withoutTrailingApiVersion('https://api.example.com') // 'https://api.example.com'
+ */
+export function withoutTrailingApiVersion(url: string): string {
+  return url.replace(TRAILING_VERSION_REGEX, '')
+}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/utils/dom.ts b/src/renderer/src/utils/dom.ts
index 6dd09cda5..15161ea86 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/utils/dom.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/utils/dom.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+import { loggerService } from '@logger'
+
+const logger = loggerService.withContext('utils/dom')
+
+interface ChromiumScrollIntoViewOptions extends ScrollIntoViewOptions {
+  /**
+   * @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/scrollIntoView#container
+   * @see https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/62803
+   */
+  container?: 'all' | 'nearest'
+}
+
 /**
  * Simple wrapper for scrollIntoView with common default options.
  * Provides a unified interface with sensible defaults.
@@ -5,7 +17,12 @@
  * @param element - The target element to scroll into view
  * @param options - Scroll options. If not provided, uses { behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center', inline: 'nearest' }
  */
-export function scrollIntoView(element: HTMLElement, options?: ScrollIntoViewOptions): void {
+export function scrollIntoView(element: HTMLElement, options?: ChromiumScrollIntoViewOptions): void {
+  if (!element) {
+    logger.warn('[scrollIntoView] Unexpected falsy element. Do nothing as fallback.')
+    return
+  }
+
   const defaultOptions: ScrollIntoViewOptions = {
     behavior: 'smooth',
     block: 'center',
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/utils/image.ts b/src/renderer/src/utils/image.ts
index a42f372f3..3d4824549 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/utils/image.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/utils/image.ts
@@ -566,3 +566,54 @@ export const makeSvgSizeAdaptive = (element: Element): Element => {
 
   return element
 }
+
+/**
+ * 将图片 Blob 转换为 PNG 格式的 Blob
+ * @param blob 原始图片 Blob
+ * @returns Promise<Blob> 转换后的 PNG Blob
+ */
+export const convertImageToPng = async (blob: Blob): Promise<Blob> => {
+  if (blob.type === 'image/png') {
+    return blob
+  }
+
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const img = new Image()
+    const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob)
+
+    img.onload = () => {
+      try {
+        const canvas = document.createElement('canvas')
+        canvas.width = img.width
+        canvas.height = img.height
+        const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
+
+        if (!ctx) {
+          URL.revokeObjectURL(url)
+          reject(new Error('Failed to get canvas context'))
+          return
+        }
+
+        ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0)
+        canvas.toBlob((pngBlob) => {
+          URL.revokeObjectURL(url)
+          if (pngBlob) {
+            resolve(pngBlob)
+          } else {
+            reject(new Error('Failed to convert image to png'))
+          }
+        }, 'image/png')
+      } catch (error) {
+        URL.revokeObjectURL(url)
+        reject(error)
+      }
+    }
+
+    img.onerror = () => {
+      URL.revokeObjectURL(url)
+      reject(new Error('Failed to load image for conversion'))
+    }
+
+    img.src = url
+  })
+}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/utils/mcp-tools.ts b/src/renderer/src/utils/mcp-tools.ts
index 49628628d..364b22e65 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/utils/mcp-tools.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/utils/mcp-tools.ts
@@ -90,7 +90,8 @@ export function openAIToolsToMcpTool(
     return undefined
   }
   const tools = mcpTools.filter((mcpTool) => {
-    return mcpTool.id === toolName || mcpTool.name === toolName
+    // toolName is mcpTool.id (registered with id as function name)
+    return mcpTool.id === toolName
   })
   if (tools.length > 1) {
     logger.warn(`Multiple MCP Tools found for tool call: ${toolName}`)
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/windows/mini/home/HomeWindow.tsx b/src/renderer/src/windows/mini/home/HomeWindow.tsx
index 80d708ab5..afefad141 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/windows/mini/home/HomeWindow.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/windows/mini/home/HomeWindow.tsx
@@ -256,6 +256,17 @@ const HomeWindow: FC<{ draggable?: boolean }> = ({ draggable = true }) => {
 
         let blockId: string | null = null
         let thinkingBlockId: string | null = null
+        let thinkingStartTime: number | null = null
+
+        const resolveThinkingDuration = (duration?: number) => {
+          if (typeof duration === 'number' && Number.isFinite(duration)) {
+            return duration
+          }
+          if (thinkingStartTime !== null) {
+            return Math.max(0, performance.now() - thinkingStartTime)
+          }
+          return 0
+        }
 
         setIsLoading(true)
         setIsOutputted(false)
@@ -293,6 +304,7 @@ const HomeWindow: FC<{ draggable?: boolean }> = ({ draggable = true }) => {
               case ChunkType.THINKING_START:
                 {
                   setIsOutputted(true)
+                  thinkingStartTime = performance.now()
                   if (thinkingBlockId) {
                     store.dispatch(
                       updateOneBlock({ id: thinkingBlockId, changes: { status: MessageBlockStatus.STREAMING } })
@@ -317,9 +329,13 @@ const HomeWindow: FC<{ draggable?: boolean }> = ({ draggable = true }) => {
                 {
                   setIsOutputted(true)
                   if (thinkingBlockId) {
+                    if (thinkingStartTime === null) {
+                      thinkingStartTime = performance.now()
+                    }
+                    const thinkingDuration = resolveThinkingDuration(chunk.thinking_millsec)
                     throttledBlockUpdate(thinkingBlockId, {
                       content: chunk.text,
-                      thinking_millsec: chunk.thinking_millsec
+                      thinking_millsec: thinkingDuration
                     })
                   }
                 }
@@ -327,14 +343,17 @@ const HomeWindow: FC<{ draggable?: boolean }> = ({ draggable = true }) => {
               case ChunkType.THINKING_COMPLETE:
                 {
                   if (thinkingBlockId) {
+                    const thinkingDuration = resolveThinkingDuration(chunk.thinking_millsec)
                     cancelThrottledBlockUpdate(thinkingBlockId)
                     store.dispatch(
                       updateOneBlock({
                         id: thinkingBlockId,
-                        changes: { status: MessageBlockStatus.SUCCESS, thinking_millsec: chunk.thinking_millsec }
+                        changes: { status: MessageBlockStatus.SUCCESS, thinking_millsec: thinkingDuration }
                       })
                     )
                   }
+                  thinkingStartTime = null
+                  thinkingBlockId = null
                 }
                 break
               case ChunkType.TEXT_START:
@@ -406,6 +425,8 @@ const HomeWindow: FC<{ draggable?: boolean }> = ({ draggable = true }) => {
                 if (!isAborted) {
                   throw new Error(chunk.error.message)
                 }
+                thinkingStartTime = null
+                thinkingBlockId = null
               }
               //fall through
               case ChunkType.BLOCK_COMPLETE:
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/windows/selection/action/components/ActionUtils.ts b/src/renderer/src/windows/selection/action/components/ActionUtils.ts
index 12f3881fe..baa6ab07f 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/windows/selection/action/components/ActionUtils.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/windows/selection/action/components/ActionUtils.ts
@@ -41,8 +41,19 @@ export const processMessages = async (
 
     let textBlockId: string | null = null
     let thinkingBlockId: string | null = null
+    let thinkingStartTime: number | null = null
     let textBlockContent: string = ''
 
+    const resolveThinkingDuration = (duration?: number) => {
+      if (typeof duration === 'number' && Number.isFinite(duration)) {
+        return duration
+      }
+      if (thinkingStartTime !== null) {
+        return Math.max(0, performance.now() - thinkingStartTime)
+      }
+      return 0
+    }
+
     const assistantMessage = getAssistantMessage({
       assistant,
       topic
@@ -79,6 +90,7 @@ export const processMessages = async (
         switch (chunk.type) {
           case ChunkType.THINKING_START:
             {
+              thinkingStartTime = performance.now()
               if (thinkingBlockId) {
                 store.dispatch(
                   updateOneBlock({ id: thinkingBlockId, changes: { status: MessageBlockStatus.STREAMING } })
@@ -102,9 +114,13 @@ export const processMessages = async (
           case ChunkType.THINKING_DELTA:
             {
               if (thinkingBlockId) {
+                if (thinkingStartTime === null) {
+                  thinkingStartTime = performance.now()
+                }
+                const thinkingDuration = resolveThinkingDuration(chunk.thinking_millsec)
                 throttledBlockUpdate(thinkingBlockId, {
                   content: chunk.text,
-                  thinking_millsec: chunk.thinking_millsec
+                  thinking_millsec: thinkingDuration
                 })
               }
               onStream()
@@ -113,6 +129,7 @@ export const processMessages = async (
           case ChunkType.THINKING_COMPLETE:
             {
               if (thinkingBlockId) {
+                const thinkingDuration = resolveThinkingDuration(chunk.thinking_millsec)
                 cancelThrottledBlockUpdate(thinkingBlockId)
                 store.dispatch(
                   updateOneBlock({
@@ -120,12 +137,13 @@ export const processMessages = async (
                     changes: {
                       content: chunk.text,
                       status: MessageBlockStatus.SUCCESS,
-                      thinking_millsec: chunk.thinking_millsec
+                      thinking_millsec: thinkingDuration
                     }
                   })
                 )
                 thinkingBlockId = null
               }
+              thinkingStartTime = null
             }
             break
           case ChunkType.TEXT_START:
@@ -190,6 +208,7 @@ export const processMessages = async (
           case ChunkType.ERROR:
             {
               const blockId = textBlockId || thinkingBlockId
+              thinkingStartTime = null
               if (blockId) {
                 store.dispatch(
                   updateOneBlock({
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/windows/selection/action/components/__tests__/ActionUtils.test.ts b/src/renderer/src/windows/selection/action/components/__tests__/ActionUtils.test.ts
index 5e02b813c..d97290e75 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/windows/selection/action/components/__tests__/ActionUtils.test.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/windows/selection/action/components/__tests__/ActionUtils.test.ts
@@ -284,6 +284,54 @@ describe('processMessages', () => {
     })
   })
 
+  describe('thinking timer fallback', () => {
+    it('should use local timer when thinking_millsec is missing', async () => {
+      const nowValues = [1000, 1500, 2000]
+      let nowIndex = 0
+      const performanceSpy = vi.spyOn(performance, 'now').mockImplementation(() => {
+        const value = nowValues[Math.min(nowIndex, nowValues.length - 1)]
+        nowIndex += 1
+        return value
+      })
+
+      const mockChunks = [
+        { type: ChunkType.THINKING_START },
+        { type: ChunkType.THINKING_DELTA, text: 'Thinking...' },
+        { type: ChunkType.THINKING_COMPLETE, text: 'Done thinking' },
+        { type: ChunkType.TEXT_START },
+        { type: ChunkType.TEXT_COMPLETE, text: 'Final answer' },
+        { type: ChunkType.BLOCK_COMPLETE }
+      ]
+
+      vi.mocked(fetchChatCompletion).mockImplementation(async ({ onChunkReceived }: any) => {
+        for (const chunk of mockChunks) {
+          await onChunkReceived(chunk)
+        }
+      })
+
+      await processMessages(
+        mockAssistant,
+        mockTopic,
+        'test prompt',
+        mockSetAskId,
+        mockOnStream,
+        mockOnFinish,
+        mockOnError
+      )
+
+      const thinkingDeltaCall = vi.mocked(throttledBlockUpdate).mock.calls.find(([id]) => id === 'thinking-block-1')
+      const deltaPayload = thinkingDeltaCall?.[1] as { thinking_millsec?: number } | undefined
+      expect(deltaPayload?.thinking_millsec).toBe(500)
+
+      const thinkingCompleteUpdate = vi
+        .mocked(updateOneBlock)
+        .mock.calls.find(([payload]) => (payload as any)?.changes?.thinking_millsec !== undefined)
+      expect((thinkingCompleteUpdate?.[0] as any)?.changes?.thinking_millsec).toBe(1000)
+
+      performanceSpy.mockRestore()
+    })
+  })
+
   describe('stream with exceptions', () => {
     it('should handle error chunks properly', async () => {
       const mockError = new Error('Stream processing error')