diff --git a/docs/technical/db.settings.md b/docs/technical/db.settings.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d63098851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/technical/db.settings.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# 数据库设置字段
+
+此文档包含部分字段的数据类型说明。
+
+## 字段
+
+| 字段名                         | 类型                           | 说明         |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------ | ------------ |
+| `translate:target:language`    | `LanguageCode`                 | 翻译目标语言 |
+| `translate:source:language`    | `LanguageCode`                 | 翻译源语言   |
+| `translate:bidirectional:pair` | `[LanguageCode, LanguageCode]` | 双向翻译对   |
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/Popups/TextEditPopup.tsx b/src/renderer/src/components/Popups/TextEditPopup.tsx
index 46bca109fc..ab7bf40cb6 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/Popups/TextEditPopup.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/Popups/TextEditPopup.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useDefaultModel } from '@renderer/hooks/useAssistant'
 import { useSettings } from '@renderer/hooks/useSettings'
 import { fetchTranslate } from '@renderer/services/ApiService'
 import { getDefaultTranslateAssistant } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
+import { getLanguageByLangcode } from '@renderer/utils/translate'
 import { Modal, ModalProps } from 'antd'
 import TextArea from 'antd/es/input/TextArea'
 import { TextAreaProps } from 'antd/lib/input'
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ const PopupContainer: React.FC<Props> = ({
     }
 
     try {
-      const assistant = getDefaultTranslateAssistant(targetLanguage, textValue)
+      const assistant = getDefaultTranslateAssistant(getLanguageByLangcode(targetLanguage), textValue)
       const translatedText = await fetchTranslate({ content: textValue, assistant })
       if (isMounted.current) {
         setTextValue(translatedText)
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/components/TranslateButton.tsx b/src/renderer/src/components/TranslateButton.tsx
index 78dd1b7d34..d52448b488 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/components/TranslateButton.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/components/TranslateButton.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useDefaultModel } from '@renderer/hooks/useAssistant'
 import { useSettings } from '@renderer/hooks/useSettings'
 import { fetchTranslate } from '@renderer/services/ApiService'
 import { getDefaultTranslateAssistant } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
+import { getLanguageByLangcode } from '@renderer/utils/translate'
 import { Button, Tooltip } from 'antd'
 import { Languages } from 'lucide-react'
 import { FC, useEffect, useState } from 'react'
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ const TranslateButton: FC<Props> = ({ text, onTranslated, disabled, style, isLoa
 
     setIsTranslating(true)
     try {
-      const assistant = getDefaultTranslateAssistant(targetLanguage, text)
+      const assistant = getDefaultTranslateAssistant(getLanguageByLangcode(targetLanguage), text)
       const translatedText = await fetchTranslate({ content: text, assistant })
       onTranslated(translatedText)
     } catch (error) {
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ const TranslateButton: FC<Props> = ({ text, onTranslated, disabled, style, isLoa
   return (
     <Tooltip
       placement="top"
-      title={t('chat.input.translate', { target_language: t(`languages.${targetLanguage.toString()}`) })}
+      title={t('chat.input.translate', { target_language: getLanguageByLangcode(targetLanguage).label() })}
       arrow>
       <ToolbarButton onClick={handleTranslate} disabled={disabled || isTranslating} style={style} type="text">
         {isTranslating ? <LoadingOutlined spin /> : <Languages size={18} />}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/config/translate.ts b/src/renderer/src/config/translate.ts
index 9a85b68ecc..cbac95aafa 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/config/translate.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/config/translate.ts
@@ -1,136 +1,159 @@
 import i18n from '@renderer/i18n'
+import { Language } from '@renderer/types'
 
-export interface TranslateLanguageOption {
-  value: string
-  langCode?: string
-  label: string
-  emoji: string
+export const ENGLISH: Language = {
+  value: 'English',
+  langCode: 'en-us',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.english'),
+  emoji: '🇬🇧'
 }
 
-export const TranslateLanguageOptions: TranslateLanguageOption[] = [
-  {
-    value: 'English',
-    langCode: 'en-us',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.english'),
-    emoji: '🇬🇧'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Chinese (Simplified)',
-    langCode: 'zh-cn',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.chinese'),
-    emoji: '🇨🇳'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Chinese (Traditional)',
-    langCode: 'zh-tw',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.chinese-traditional'),
-    emoji: '🇭🇰'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Japanese',
-    langCode: 'ja-jp',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.japanese'),
-    emoji: '🇯🇵'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Korean',
-    langCode: 'ko-kr',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.korean'),
-    emoji: '🇰🇷'
-  },
-
-  {
-    value: 'French',
-    langCode: 'fr-fr',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.french'),
-    emoji: '🇫🇷'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'German',
-    langCode: 'de-de',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.german'),
-    emoji: '🇩🇪'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Italian',
-    langCode: 'it-it',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.italian'),
-    emoji: '🇮🇹'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Spanish',
-    langCode: 'es-es',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.spanish'),
-    emoji: '🇪🇸'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Portuguese',
-    langCode: 'pt-pt',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.portuguese'),
-    emoji: '🇵🇹'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Russian',
-    langCode: 'ru-ru',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.russian'),
-    emoji: '🇷🇺'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Polish',
-    langCode: 'pl-pl',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.polish'),
-    emoji: '🇵🇱'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Arabic',
-    langCode: 'ar-ar',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.arabic'),
-    emoji: '🇸🇦'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Turkish',
-    langCode: 'tr-tr',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.turkish'),
-    emoji: '🇹🇷'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Thai',
-    langCode: 'th-th',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.thai'),
-    emoji: '🇹🇭'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Vietnamese',
-    langCode: 'vi-vn',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.vietnamese'),
-    emoji: '🇻🇳'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Indonesian',
-    langCode: 'id-id',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.indonesian'),
-    emoji: '🇮🇩'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Urdu',
-    langCode: 'ur-pk',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.urdu'),
-    emoji: '🇵🇰'
-  },
-  {
-    value: 'Malay',
-    langCode: 'ms-my',
-    label: i18n.t('languages.malay'),
-    emoji: '🇲🇾'
-  }
-]
-
-export const translateLanguageOptions = (): typeof TranslateLanguageOptions => {
-  return TranslateLanguageOptions.map((option) => {
-    return {
-      value: option.value,
-      label: option.label,
-      emoji: option.emoji
-    }
-  })
+export const CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED: Language = {
+  value: 'Chinese (Simplified)',
+  langCode: 'zh-cn',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.chinese'),
+  emoji: '🇨🇳'
 }
+
+export const CHINESE_TRADITIONAL: Language = {
+  value: 'Chinese (Traditional)',
+  langCode: 'zh-tw',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.chinese-traditional'),
+  emoji: '🇭🇰'
+}
+
+export const JAPANESE: Language = {
+  value: 'Japanese',
+  langCode: 'ja-jp',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.japanese'),
+  emoji: '🇯🇵'
+}
+
+export const KOREAN: Language = {
+  value: 'Korean',
+  langCode: 'ko-kr',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.korean'),
+  emoji: '🇰🇷'
+}
+
+export const FRENCH: Language = {
+  value: 'French',
+  langCode: 'fr-fr',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.french'),
+  emoji: '🇫🇷'
+}
+
+export const GERMAN: Language = {
+  value: 'German',
+  langCode: 'de-de',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.german'),
+  emoji: '🇩🇪'
+}
+
+export const ITALIAN: Language = {
+  value: 'Italian',
+  langCode: 'it-it',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.italian'),
+  emoji: '🇮🇹'
+}
+
+export const SPANISH: Language = {
+  value: 'Spanish',
+  langCode: 'es-es',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.spanish'),
+  emoji: '🇪🇸'
+}
+
+export const PORTUGUESE: Language = {
+  value: 'Portuguese',
+  langCode: 'pt-pt',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.portuguese'),
+  emoji: '🇵🇹'
+}
+
+export const RUSSIAN: Language = {
+  value: 'Russian',
+  langCode: 'ru-ru',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.russian'),
+  emoji: '🇷🇺'
+}
+
+export const POLISH: Language = {
+  value: 'Polish',
+  langCode: 'pl-pl',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.polish'),
+  emoji: '🇵🇱'
+}
+
+export const ARABIC: Language = {
+  value: 'Arabic',
+  langCode: 'ar-ar',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.arabic'),
+  emoji: '🇸🇦'
+}
+
+export const TURKISH: Language = {
+  value: 'Turkish',
+  langCode: 'tr-tr',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.turkish'),
+  emoji: '🇹🇷'
+}
+
+export const THAI: Language = {
+  value: 'Thai',
+  langCode: 'th-th',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.thai'),
+  emoji: '🇹🇭'
+}
+
+export const VIETNAMESE: Language = {
+  value: 'Vietnamese',
+  langCode: 'vi-vn',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.vietnamese'),
+  emoji: '🇻🇳'
+}
+
+export const INDONESIAN: Language = {
+  value: 'Indonesian',
+  langCode: 'id-id',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.indonesian'),
+  emoji: '🇮🇩'
+}
+
+export const URDU: Language = {
+  value: 'Urdu',
+  langCode: 'ur-pk',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.urdu'),
+  emoji: '🇵🇰'
+}
+
+export const MALAY: Language = {
+  value: 'Malay',
+  langCode: 'ms-my',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.malay'),
+  emoji: '🇲🇾'
+}
+
+export const LanguagesEnum = {
+  enUS: ENGLISH,
+  zhCN: CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED,
+  zhTW: CHINESE_TRADITIONAL,
+  jaJP: JAPANESE,
+  koKR: KOREAN,
+  frFR: FRENCH,
+  deDE: GERMAN,
+  itIT: ITALIAN,
+  esES: SPANISH,
+  ptPT: PORTUGUESE,
+  ruRU: RUSSIAN,
+  plPL: POLISH,
+  arAR: ARABIC,
+  trTR: TURKISH,
+  thTH: THAI,
+  viVN: VIETNAMESE,
+  idID: INDONESIAN,
+  urPK: URDU,
+  msMY: MALAY
+} as const
+
+export const translateLanguageOptions: Language[] = Object.values(LanguagesEnum)
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/databases/index.ts b/src/renderer/src/databases/index.ts
index aa765db05b..6c23a115a5 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/databases/index.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/databases/index.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { FileMetadata, KnowledgeItem, QuickPhrase, TranslateHistory } from '@ren
 import type { Message as NewMessage, MessageBlock } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
 import { Dexie, type EntityTable } from 'dexie'
 
-import { upgradeToV5, upgradeToV7 } from './upgrades'
+import { upgradeToV5, upgradeToV7, upgradeToV8 } from './upgrades'
 
 // Database declaration (move this to its own module also)
 export const db = new Dexie('CherryStudio') as Dexie & {
@@ -74,4 +74,17 @@ db.version(7)
   })
   .upgrade((tx) => upgradeToV7(tx))
 
+db.version(8)
+  .stores({
+    // Re-declare all tables for the new version
+    files: 'id, name, origin_name, path, size, ext, type, created_at, count',
+    topics: '&id', // Correct index for topics
+    settings: '&id, value',
+    knowledge_notes: '&id, baseId, type, content, created_at, updated_at',
+    translate_history: '&id, sourceText, targetText, sourceLanguage, targetLanguage, createdAt',
+    quick_phrases: 'id',
+    message_blocks: 'id, messageId, file.id' // Correct syntax with comma separator
+  })
+  .upgrade((tx) => upgradeToV8(tx))
+
 export default db
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/databases/upgrades.ts b/src/renderer/src/databases/upgrades.ts
index cb1e770db0..5543dde4ab 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/databases/upgrades.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/databases/upgrades.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import Logger from '@renderer/config/logger'
-import type { LegacyMessage as OldMessage, Topic } from '@renderer/types'
-import { FileTypes } from '@renderer/types' // Import FileTypes enum
-import { WebSearchSource } from '@renderer/types'
+import { LanguagesEnum } from '@renderer/config/translate'
+import type { LanguageCode, LegacyMessage as OldMessage, Topic } from '@renderer/types'
+import { FileTypes, WebSearchSource } from '@renderer/types' // Import FileTypes enum
 import type {
   BaseMessageBlock,
   CitationMessageBlock,
@@ -308,3 +308,78 @@ export async function upgradeToV7(tx: Transaction): Promise<void> {
 
   Logger.log('DB migration to version 7 finished successfully.')
 }
+
+export async function upgradeToV8(tx: Transaction): Promise<void> {
+  Logger.log('DB migration to version 8 started')
+
+  const langMap: Record<string, LanguageCode> = {
+    english: 'en-us',
+    chinese: 'zh-cn',
+    'chinese-traditional': 'zh-tw',
+    japanese: 'ja-jp',
+    korean: 'ko-kr',
+    french: 'fr-fr',
+    german: 'de-de',
+    italian: 'it-it',
+    spanish: 'es-es',
+    portuguese: 'pt-pt',
+    russian: 'ru-ru',
+    polish: 'pl-pl',
+    arabic: 'ar-ar',
+    turkish: 'tr-tr',
+    thai: 'th-th',
+    vietnamese: 'vi-vn',
+    indonesian: 'id-id',
+    urdu: 'ur-pk',
+    malay: 'ms-my'
+  }
+
+  const settingsTable = tx.table('settings')
+  const defaultPair: [LanguageCode, LanguageCode] = [LanguagesEnum.enUS.langCode, LanguagesEnum.zhCN.langCode]
+  const originSource = (await settingsTable.get('translate:source:language'))?.value
+  const originTarget = (await settingsTable.get('translate:target:language'))?.value
+  const originPair = (await settingsTable.get('translate:bidirectional:pair'))?.value
+  let newSource, newTarget, newPair
+  Logger.log('originSource: %o', originSource)
+  if (originSource === 'auto') {
+    newSource = 'auto'
+  } else {
+    newSource = langMap[originSource]
+    if (!newSource) {
+      newSource = LanguagesEnum.enUS.langCode
+    }
+  }
+
+  Logger.log('originTarget: %o', originTarget)
+  newTarget = langMap[originTarget]
+  if (!newTarget) {
+    newTarget = LanguagesEnum.zhCN.langCode
+  }
+
+  Logger.log('originPair: %o', originPair)
+  newPair = [langMap[originPair[0]], langMap[originPair[1]]]
+  if (!newPair[0] || !newPair[1]) {
+    newPair = defaultPair
+  }
+
+  Logger.log('DB migration to version 8: %o', { newSource, newTarget, newPair })
+
+  await settingsTable.put({ id: 'translate:bidirectional:pair', value: newPair })
+  await settingsTable.put({ id: 'translate:source:language', value: newSource })
+  await settingsTable.put({ id: 'translate:target:language', value: newTarget })
+
+  const histories = tx.table('translate_history')
+
+  for (const history of await histories.toArray()) {
+    try {
+      await tx.table('translate_history').put({
+        ...history,
+        sourceLanguage: langMap[history.sourceLanguage],
+        targetLanguage: langMap[history.targetLanguage]
+      })
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('Error upgrading history:', error)
+    }
+  }
+  Logger.log('DB migration to version 8 finished.')
+}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/hooks/useMessageOperations.ts b/src/renderer/src/hooks/useMessageOperations.ts
index 559b4ad879..d8ac8aac60 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/hooks/useMessageOperations.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/hooks/useMessageOperations.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import {
   updateMessageAndBlocksThunk,
   updateTranslationBlockThunk
 } from '@renderer/store/thunk/messageThunk'
-import type { Assistant, Model, Topic } from '@renderer/types'
+import type { Assistant, LanguageCode, Model, Topic } from '@renderer/types'
 import type { Message, MessageBlock } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
 import { MessageBlockStatus, MessageBlockType } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
 import { abortCompletion } from '@renderer/utils/abortController'
@@ -195,9 +195,9 @@ export function useMessageOperations(topic: Topic) {
   const getTranslationUpdater = useCallback(
     async (
       messageId: string,
-      targetLanguage: string,
+      targetLanguage: LanguageCode,
       sourceBlockId?: string,
-      sourceLanguage?: string
+      sourceLanguage?: LanguageCode
     ): Promise<((accumulatedText: string, isComplete?: boolean) => void) | null> => {
       if (!topic.id) return null
 
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/Inputbar.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/Inputbar.tsx
index fe550510a0..98095a81e1 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/Inputbar.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Inputbar/Inputbar.tsx
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import type { MessageInputBaseParams } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
 import { classNames, delay, formatFileSize, getFileExtension } from '@renderer/utils'
 import { formatQuotedText } from '@renderer/utils/formats'
 import { getFilesFromDropEvent, getSendMessageShortcutLabel, isSendMessageKeyPressed } from '@renderer/utils/input'
+import { getLanguageByLangcode } from '@renderer/utils/translate'
 import { documentExts, imageExts, textExts } from '@shared/config/constant'
 import { IpcChannel } from '@shared/IpcChannel'
 import { Button, Tooltip } from 'antd'
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ const Inputbar: FC<Props> = ({ assistant: _assistant, setActiveTopic, topic }) =
 
     try {
       setIsTranslating(true)
-      const translatedText = await translateText(text, targetLanguage)
+      const translatedText = await translateText(text, getLanguageByLangcode(targetLanguage))
       translatedText && setText(translatedText)
       setTimeout(() => resizeTextArea(), 0)
     } catch (error) {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageMenubar.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageMenubar.tsx
index dcd86288e1..a8d55bbe80 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageMenubar.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Messages/MessageMenubar.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { CheckOutlined, EditOutlined, QuestionCircleOutlined, SyncOutlined } fro
 import ObsidianExportPopup from '@renderer/components/Popups/ObsidianExportPopup'
 import SelectModelPopup from '@renderer/components/Popups/SelectModelPopup'
 import { isVisionModel } from '@renderer/config/models'
-import { TranslateLanguageOptions } from '@renderer/config/translate'
+import { translateLanguageOptions } from '@renderer/config/translate'
 import { useMessageEditing } from '@renderer/context/MessageEditingContext'
 import { useChatContext } from '@renderer/hooks/useChatContext'
 import { useMessageOperations, useTopicLoading } from '@renderer/hooks/useMessageOperations'
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import { translateText } from '@renderer/services/TranslateService'
 import store, { RootState } from '@renderer/store'
 import { messageBlocksSelectors } from '@renderer/store/messageBlock'
 import { selectMessagesForTopic } from '@renderer/store/newMessage'
-import type { Assistant, Model, Topic } from '@renderer/types'
+import type { Assistant, Language, Model, Topic } from '@renderer/types'
 import { type Message, MessageBlockType } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
 import { captureScrollableDivAsBlob, captureScrollableDivAsDataURL, classNames } from '@renderer/utils'
 import { copyMessageAsPlainText } from '@renderer/utils/copy'
@@ -153,12 +153,12 @@ const MessageMenubar: FC<Props> = (props) => {
   }, [message.id, startEditing])
 
   const handleTranslate = useCallback(
-    async (language: string) => {
+    async (language: Language) => {
       if (isTranslating) return
 
       setIsTranslating(true)
       const messageId = message.id
-      const translationUpdater = await getTranslationUpdater(messageId, language)
+      const translationUpdater = await getTranslationUpdater(messageId, language.langCode)
       if (!translationUpdater) return
       try {
         await translateText(mainTextContent, language, translationUpdater)
@@ -457,10 +457,10 @@ const MessageMenubar: FC<Props> = (props) => {
               backgroundClip: 'border-box'
             },
             items: [
-              ...TranslateLanguageOptions.map((item) => ({
-                label: item.emoji + ' ' + item.label,
-                key: item.value,
-                onClick: () => handleTranslate(item.value)
+              ...translateLanguageOptions.map((item) => ({
+                label: item.emoji + ' ' + item.label(),
+                key: item.langCode,
+                onClick: () => handleTranslate(item)
               })),
               ...(hasTranslationBlocks
                 ? [
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Tabs/SettingsTab.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Tabs/SettingsTab.tsx
index 67c3ba7b97..cc56f72c05 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Tabs/SettingsTab.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/home/Tabs/SettingsTab.tsx
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
   isSupportedFlexServiceTier,
   isSupportedReasoningEffortOpenAIModel
 } from '@renderer/config/models'
+import { translateLanguageOptions } from '@renderer/config/translate'
 import { useCodeStyle } from '@renderer/context/CodeStyleProvider'
 import { useTheme } from '@renderer/context/ThemeProvider'
 import { useAssistant } from '@renderer/hooks/useAssistant'
@@ -44,14 +45,7 @@ import {
   setShowTranslateConfirm,
   setThoughtAutoCollapse
 } from '@renderer/store/settings'
-import {
-  Assistant,
-  AssistantSettings,
-  CodeStyleVarious,
-  MathEngine,
-  ThemeMode,
-  TranslateLanguageVarious
-} from '@renderer/types'
+import { Assistant, AssistantSettings, CodeStyleVarious, MathEngine, ThemeMode } from '@renderer/types'
 import { modalConfirm } from '@renderer/utils'
 import { getSendMessageShortcutLabel } from '@renderer/utils/input'
 import { Button, Col, InputNumber, Row, Slider, Switch, Tooltip } from 'antd'
@@ -625,14 +619,10 @@ const SettingsTab: FC<Props> = (props) => {
             <SettingRowTitleSmall>{t('settings.input.target_language')}</SettingRowTitleSmall>
             <Selector
               value={targetLanguage}
-              onChange={(value) => setTargetLanguage(value as TranslateLanguageVarious)}
-              options={[
-                { value: 'chinese', label: t('settings.input.target_language.chinese') },
-                { value: 'chinese-traditional', label: t('settings.input.target_language.chinese-traditional') },
-                { value: 'english', label: t('settings.input.target_language.english') },
-                { value: 'japanese', label: t('settings.input.target_language.japanese') },
-                { value: 'russian', label: t('settings.input.target_language.russian') }
-              ]}
+              onChange={(value) => setTargetLanguage(value)}
+              options={translateLanguageOptions.map((item) => {
+                return { value: item.langCode, label: item.emoji + ' ' + item.label() }
+              })}
             />
           </SettingRow>
           <SettingDivider />
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/paintings/AihubmixPage.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/paintings/AihubmixPage.tsx
index 60d152a353..af57c21f47 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/paintings/AihubmixPage.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/paintings/AihubmixPage.tsx
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import Scrollbar from '@renderer/components/Scrollbar'
 import TranslateButton from '@renderer/components/TranslateButton'
 import { isMac } from '@renderer/config/constant'
 import { getProviderLogo } from '@renderer/config/providers'
+import { LanguagesEnum } from '@renderer/config/translate'
 import { useTheme } from '@renderer/context/ThemeProvider'
 import { usePaintings } from '@renderer/hooks/usePaintings'
 import { useAllProviders } from '@renderer/hooks/useProvider'
@@ -543,7 +544,7 @@ const AihubmixPage: FC<{ Options: string[] }> = ({ Options }) => {
 
     try {
       setIsTranslating(true)
-      const translatedText = await translateText(painting.prompt, 'english')
+      const translatedText = await translateText(painting.prompt, LanguagesEnum.enUS)
       updatePaintingState({ prompt: translatedText })
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Translation failed:', error)
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/paintings/SiliconPage.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/paintings/SiliconPage.tsx
index 51edb4244a..f595ef76de 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/paintings/SiliconPage.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/paintings/SiliconPage.tsx
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import Scrollbar from '@renderer/components/Scrollbar'
 import TranslateButton from '@renderer/components/TranslateButton'
 import { isMac } from '@renderer/config/constant'
 import { TEXT_TO_IMAGES_MODELS } from '@renderer/config/models'
+import { LanguagesEnum } from '@renderer/config/translate'
 import { useTheme } from '@renderer/context/ThemeProvider'
 import { usePaintings } from '@renderer/hooks/usePaintings'
 import { useAllProviders } from '@renderer/hooks/useProvider'
@@ -302,7 +303,7 @@ const SiliconPage: FC<{ Options: string[] }> = ({ Options }) => {
 
     try {
       setIsTranslating(true)
-      const translatedText = await translateText(painting.prompt, 'english')
+      const translatedText = await translateText(painting.prompt, LanguagesEnum.enUS)
       updatePaintingState({ prompt: translatedText })
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Translation failed:', error)
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/paintings/TokenFluxPage.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/paintings/TokenFluxPage.tsx
index 85a39df438..40e1c2f2c0 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/paintings/TokenFluxPage.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/paintings/TokenFluxPage.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import Scrollbar from '@renderer/components/Scrollbar'
 import TranslateButton from '@renderer/components/TranslateButton'
 import { isMac } from '@renderer/config/constant'
 import { getProviderLogo } from '@renderer/config/providers'
+import { LanguagesEnum } from '@renderer/config/translate'
 import { usePaintings } from '@renderer/hooks/usePaintings'
 import { useAllProviders } from '@renderer/hooks/useProvider'
 import { useRuntime } from '@renderer/hooks/useRuntime'
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ const TokenFluxPage: FC<{ Options: string[] }> = ({ Options }) => {
 
     try {
       setIsTranslating(true)
-      const translatedText = await translateText(painting.prompt, 'english')
+      const translatedText = await translateText(painting.prompt, LanguagesEnum.enUS)
       updatePaintingState({ prompt: translatedText })
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Translation failed:', error)
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/translate/TranslatePage.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/translate/TranslatePage.tsx
index 8d4e7116b6..ae1ee408a3 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/translate/TranslatePage.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/translate/TranslatePage.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import CopyIcon from '@renderer/components/Icons/CopyIcon'
 import { HStack } from '@renderer/components/Layout'
 import { isEmbeddingModel } from '@renderer/config/models'
 import { TRANSLATE_PROMPT } from '@renderer/config/prompts'
-import { translateLanguageOptions } from '@renderer/config/translate'
+import { LanguagesEnum, translateLanguageOptions } from '@renderer/config/translate'
 import { useCodeStyle } from '@renderer/context/CodeStyleProvider'
 import db from '@renderer/databases'
 import { useDefaultModel } from '@renderer/hooks/useAssistant'
@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@ import { getDefaultTranslateAssistant } from '@renderer/services/AssistantServic
 import { getModelUniqId, hasModel } from '@renderer/services/ModelService'
 import { useAppDispatch } from '@renderer/store'
 import { setTranslateModelPrompt } from '@renderer/store/settings'
-import type { Model, TranslateHistory } from '@renderer/types'
+import type { Language, LanguageCode, Model, TranslateHistory } from '@renderer/types'
 import { runAsyncFunction, uuid } from '@renderer/utils'
 import {
   createInputScrollHandler,
   createOutputScrollHandler,
   detectLanguage,
-  determineTargetLanguage
+  determineTargetLanguage,
+  getLanguageByLangcode
 } from '@renderer/utils/translate'
 import { Button, Dropdown, Empty, Flex, Modal, Popconfirm, Select, Space, Switch, Tooltip } from 'antd'
 import TextArea, { TextAreaRef } from 'antd/es/input/TextArea'
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ import styled from 'styled-components'
 
 let _text = ''
 let _result = ''
-let _targetLanguage = 'english'
+let _targetLanguage = LanguagesEnum.enUS
 
 const TranslateSettings: FC<{
   visible: boolean
@@ -46,8 +47,8 @@ const TranslateSettings: FC<{
   setIsBidirectional: (value: boolean) => void
   enableMarkdown: boolean
   setEnableMarkdown: (value: boolean) => void
-  bidirectionalPair: [string, string]
-  setBidirectionalPair: (value: [string, string]) => void
+  bidirectionalPair: [Language, Language]
+  setBidirectionalPair: (value: [Language, Language]) => void
   translateModel: Model | undefined
   onModelChange: (model: Model) => void
   allModels: Model[]
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ const TranslateSettings: FC<{
   const { t } = useTranslation()
   const { translateModelPrompt } = useSettings()
   const dispatch = useAppDispatch()
-  const [localPair, setLocalPair] = useState<[string, string]>(bidirectionalPair)
+  const [localPair, setLocalPair] = useState<[Language, Language]>(bidirectionalPair)
   const [showPrompt, setShowPrompt] = useState(false)
   const [localPrompt, setLocalPrompt] = useState(translateModelPrompt)
 
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ const TranslateSettings: FC<{
       return
     }
     setBidirectionalPair(localPair)
-    db.settings.put({ id: 'translate:bidirectional:pair', value: localPair })
+    db.settings.put({ id: 'translate:bidirectional:pair', value: [localPair[0].langCode, localPair[1].langCode] })
     db.settings.put({ id: 'translate:scroll:sync', value: isScrollSyncEnabled })
     db.settings.put({ id: 'translate:markdown:enabled', value: enableMarkdown })
     db.settings.put({ id: 'translate:model:prompt', value: localPrompt })
@@ -189,16 +190,16 @@ const TranslateSettings: FC<{
               <Flex align="center" justify="space-between" gap={10}>
                 <Select
                   style={{ flex: 1 }}
-                  value={localPair[0]}
-                  onChange={(value) => setLocalPair([value, localPair[1]])}
-                  options={translateLanguageOptions().map((lang) => ({
-                    value: lang.value,
+                  value={localPair[0].langCode}
+                  onChange={(value) => setLocalPair([getLanguageByLangcode(value), localPair[1]])}
+                  options={translateLanguageOptions.map((lang) => ({
+                    value: lang.langCode,
                     label: (
                       <Space.Compact direction="horizontal" block>
                         <span role="img" aria-label={lang.emoji} style={{ marginRight: 8 }}>
                           {lang.emoji}
                         </span>
-                        <Space.Compact block>{lang.label}</Space.Compact>
+                        <Space.Compact block>{lang.label()}</Space.Compact>
                       </Space.Compact>
                     )
                   }))}
@@ -206,16 +207,16 @@ const TranslateSettings: FC<{
                 <span>⇆</span>
                 <Select
                   style={{ flex: 1 }}
-                  value={localPair[1]}
-                  onChange={(value) => setLocalPair([localPair[0], value])}
-                  options={translateLanguageOptions().map((lang) => ({
-                    value: lang.value,
+                  value={localPair[1].langCode}
+                  onChange={(value) => setLocalPair([localPair[0], getLanguageByLangcode(value)])}
+                  options={translateLanguageOptions.map((lang) => ({
+                    value: lang.langCode,
                     label: (
                       <Space.Compact direction="horizontal" block>
                         <span role="img" aria-label={lang.emoji} style={{ marginRight: 8 }}>
                           {lang.emoji}
                         </span>
-                        <div style={{ textAlign: 'left', flex: 1 }}>{lang.label}</div>
+                        <div style={{ textAlign: 'left', flex: 1 }}>{lang.label()}</div>
                       </Space.Compact>
                     )
                   }))}
@@ -275,7 +276,6 @@ const TranslateSettings: FC<{
 const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
   const { t } = useTranslation()
   const { shikiMarkdownIt } = useCodeStyle()
-  const [targetLanguage, setTargetLanguage] = useState(_targetLanguage)
   const [text, setText] = useState(_text)
   const [result, setResult] = useState(_result)
   const [renderedMarkdown, setRenderedMarkdown] = useState<string>('')
@@ -286,10 +286,14 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
   const [isScrollSyncEnabled, setIsScrollSyncEnabled] = useState(false)
   const [isBidirectional, setIsBidirectional] = useState(false)
   const [enableMarkdown, setEnableMarkdown] = useState(false)
-  const [bidirectionalPair, setBidirectionalPair] = useState<[string, string]>(['english', 'chinese'])
+  const [bidirectionalPair, setBidirectionalPair] = useState<[Language, Language]>([
+    LanguagesEnum.enUS,
+    LanguagesEnum.zhCN
+  ])
   const [settingsVisible, setSettingsVisible] = useState(false)
-  const [detectedLanguage, setDetectedLanguage] = useState<string | null>(null)
-  const [sourceLanguage, setSourceLanguage] = useState<string>('auto')
+  const [detectedLanguage, setDetectedLanguage] = useState<Language | null>(null)
+  const [sourceLanguage, setSourceLanguage] = useState<Language | 'auto'>('auto')
+  const [targetLanguage, setTargetLanguage] = useState<Language>(_targetLanguage)
   const contentContainerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
   const textAreaRef = useRef<TextAreaRef>(null)
   const outputTextRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
@@ -329,8 +333,8 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
   const saveTranslateHistory = async (
     sourceText: string,
     targetText: string,
-    sourceLanguage: string,
-    targetLanguage: string
+    sourceLanguage: LanguageCode,
+    targetLanguage: LanguageCode
   ) => {
     const history: TranslateHistory = {
       id: uuid(),
@@ -364,7 +368,7 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
     setLoading(true)
     try {
       // 确定源语言：如果用户选择了特定语言，使用用户选择的；如果选择'auto'，则自动检测
-      let actualSourceLanguage: string
+      let actualSourceLanguage: Language
       if (sourceLanguage === 'auto') {
         actualSourceLanguage = await detectLanguage(text)
         setDetectedLanguage(actualSourceLanguage)
@@ -389,7 +393,7 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
         return
       }
 
-      const actualTargetLanguage = result.language as string
+      const actualTargetLanguage = result.language as Language
       if (isBidirectional) {
         setTargetLanguage(actualTargetLanguage)
       }
@@ -405,7 +409,7 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
         }
       })
 
-      await saveTranslateHistory(text, translatedText, actualSourceLanguage, actualTargetLanguage)
+      await saveTranslateHistory(text, translatedText, actualSourceLanguage.langCode, actualTargetLanguage.langCode)
       setLoading(false)
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Translation error:', error)
@@ -432,7 +436,7 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
   const onHistoryItemClick = (history: TranslateHistory) => {
     setText(history.sourceText)
     setResult(history.targetText)
-    setTargetLanguage(history.targetLanguage)
+    setTargetLanguage(getLanguageByLangcode(history.targetLanguage))
   }
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -460,20 +464,32 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
   useEffect(() => {
     runAsyncFunction(async () => {
       const targetLang = await db.settings.get({ id: 'translate:target:language' })
-      targetLang && setTargetLanguage(targetLang.value)
+      targetLang && setTargetLanguage(getLanguageByLangcode(targetLang.value))
 
       const sourceLang = await db.settings.get({ id: 'translate:source:language' })
-      sourceLang && setSourceLanguage(sourceLang.value)
+      sourceLang &&
+        setSourceLanguage(sourceLang.value === 'auto' ? sourceLang.value : getLanguageByLangcode(sourceLang.value))
 
       const bidirectionalPairSetting = await db.settings.get({ id: 'translate:bidirectional:pair' })
       if (bidirectionalPairSetting) {
         const langPair = bidirectionalPairSetting.value
+        let source: undefined | Language
+        let target: undefined | Language
+
         if (Array.isArray(langPair) && langPair.length === 2 && langPair[0] !== langPair[1]) {
-          setBidirectionalPair(langPair as [string, string])
+          source = getLanguageByLangcode(langPair[0])
+          target = getLanguageByLangcode(langPair[1])
+        }
+
+        if (source && target) {
+          setBidirectionalPair([source, target])
         } else {
-          const defaultPair: [string, string] = ['english', 'chinese']
+          const defaultPair: [Language, Language] = [LanguagesEnum.enUS, LanguagesEnum.zhCN]
           setBidirectionalPair(defaultPair)
-          db.settings.put({ id: 'translate:bidirectional:pair', value: defaultPair })
+          db.settings.put({
+            id: 'translate:bidirectional:pair',
+            value: [defaultPair[0].langCode, defaultPair[1].langCode]
+          })
         }
       }
 
@@ -489,7 +505,7 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
   }, [])
 
   const onKeyDown = (e: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLTextAreaElement>) => {
-    const isEnterPressed = e.keyCode == 13
+    const isEnterPressed = e.key === 'Enter'
     if (isEnterPressed && !e.shiftKey && !e.ctrlKey && !e.metaKey) {
       e.preventDefault()
       onTranslate()
@@ -501,32 +517,37 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
 
   // 获取当前语言状态显示
   const getLanguageDisplay = () => {
-    if (isBidirectional) {
-      return (
-        <Flex align="center" style={{ width: 160 }}>
-          <BidirectionalLanguageDisplay>
-            {`${t(`languages.${bidirectionalPair[0]}`)} ⇆ ${t(`languages.${bidirectionalPair[1]}`)}`}
-          </BidirectionalLanguageDisplay>
-        </Flex>
-      )
+    try {
+      if (isBidirectional) {
+        return (
+          <Flex align="center" style={{ width: 160 }}>
+            <BidirectionalLanguageDisplay>
+              {`${bidirectionalPair[0].label()} ⇆ ${bidirectionalPair[1].label()}`}
+            </BidirectionalLanguageDisplay>
+          </Flex>
+        )
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('Error getting language display:', error)
+      setBidirectionalPair([LanguagesEnum.enUS, LanguagesEnum.zhCN])
     }
 
     return (
       <Select
         style={{ width: 160 }}
-        value={targetLanguage}
+        value={targetLanguage.langCode}
         onChange={(value) => {
-          setTargetLanguage(value)
+          setTargetLanguage(getLanguageByLangcode(value))
           db.settings.put({ id: 'translate:target:language', value })
         }}
-        options={translateLanguageOptions().map((lang) => ({
-          value: lang.value,
+        options={translateLanguageOptions.map((lang) => ({
+          value: lang.langCode,
           label: (
             <Space.Compact direction="horizontal" block>
               <span role="img" aria-label={lang.emoji} style={{ marginRight: 8 }}>
                 {lang.emoji}
               </span>
-              <Space.Compact block>{lang.label}</Space.Compact>
+              <Space.Compact block>{lang.label()}</Space.Compact>
             </Space.Compact>
           )
         }))}
@@ -603,28 +624,29 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
             <Flex align="center" gap={20}>
               <Select
                 showSearch
-                value={sourceLanguage}
+                value={sourceLanguage !== 'auto' ? sourceLanguage.langCode : 'auto'}
                 style={{ width: 180 }}
                 optionFilterProp="label"
-                onChange={(value) => {
-                  setSourceLanguage(value)
+                onChange={(value: LanguageCode | 'auto') => {
+                  if (value !== 'auto') setSourceLanguage(getLanguageByLangcode(value))
+                  else setSourceLanguage('auto')
                   db.settings.put({ id: 'translate:source:language', value })
                 }}
                 options={[
                   {
                     value: 'auto',
                     label: detectedLanguage
-                      ? `${t('translate.detected.language')} (${t(`languages.${detectedLanguage.toLowerCase()}`)})`
+                      ? `${t('translate.detected.language')} (${detectedLanguage.label()})`
                       : t('translate.detected.language')
                   },
-                  ...translateLanguageOptions().map((lang) => ({
-                    value: lang.value,
+                  ...translateLanguageOptions.map((lang) => ({
+                    value: lang.langCode,
                     label: (
                       <Space.Compact direction="horizontal" block>
                         <span role="img" aria-label={lang.emoji} style={{ marginRight: 8 }}>
                           {lang.emoji}
                         </span>
-                        <Space.Compact block>{lang.label}</Space.Compact>
+                        <Space.Compact block>{lang.label()}</Space.Compact>
                       </Space.Compact>
                     )
                   }))
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/services/AssistantService.ts b/src/renderer/src/services/AssistantService.ts
index e8ec416b1e..0d216aa3aa 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/services/AssistantService.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/services/AssistantService.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { DEFAULT_CONTEXTCOUNT, DEFAULT_MAX_TOKENS, DEFAULT_TEMPERATURE } from '@
 import i18n from '@renderer/i18n'
 import store from '@renderer/store'
 import { addAssistant } from '@renderer/store/assistants'
-import type { Agent, Assistant, AssistantSettings, Model, Provider, Topic } from '@renderer/types'
+import type { Agent, Assistant, AssistantSettings, Language, Model, Provider, Topic } from '@renderer/types'
 import { uuid } from '@renderer/utils'
 
 export function getDefaultAssistant(): Assistant {
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export function getDefaultAssistant(): Assistant {
   }
 }
 
-export function getDefaultTranslateAssistant(targetLanguage: string, text: string): Assistant {
+export function getDefaultTranslateAssistant(targetLanguage: Language, text: string): Assistant {
   const translateModel = getTranslateModel()
   const assistant: Assistant = getDefaultAssistant()
   assistant.model = translateModel
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export function getDefaultTranslateAssistant(targetLanguage: string, text: strin
 
   assistant.prompt = store
     .getState()
-    .settings.translateModelPrompt.replaceAll('{{target_language}}', targetLanguage)
+    .settings.translateModelPrompt.replaceAll('{{target_language}}', targetLanguage.value)
     .replaceAll('{{text}}', text)
   return assistant
 }
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/services/BackupService.ts b/src/renderer/src/services/BackupService.ts
index 00a09acf54..4bb92f38b0 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/services/BackupService.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/services/BackupService.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import Logger from '@renderer/config/logger'
 import db from '@renderer/databases'
-import { upgradeToV7 } from '@renderer/databases/upgrades'
+import { upgradeToV7, upgradeToV8 } from '@renderer/databases/upgrades'
 import i18n from '@renderer/i18n'
 import store from '@renderer/store'
 import { setWebDAVSyncState } from '@renderer/store/backup'
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ export function stopAutoSync() {
 export async function getBackupData() {
   return JSON.stringify({
     time: new Date().getTime(),
-    version: 4,
+    version: 5,
     localStorage,
     indexedDB: await backupDatabase()
   })
@@ -674,6 +674,12 @@ export async function handleData(data: Record<string, any>) {
       })
     }
 
+    if (data.version === 4) {
+      await db.transaction('rw', db.tables, async (tx) => {
+        await upgradeToV8(tx)
+      })
+    }
+
     window.message.success({ content: i18n.t('message.restore.success'), key: 'restore' })
     setTimeout(() => window.api.reload(), 1000)
     return
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/services/TranslateService.ts b/src/renderer/src/services/TranslateService.ts
index 513fa3ef36..1fb25d1a86 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/services/TranslateService.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/services/TranslateService.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import i18n from '@renderer/i18n'
 import store from '@renderer/store'
+import { Language } from '@renderer/types'
 
 import { fetchTranslate } from './ApiService'
 import { getDefaultTranslateAssistant } from './AssistantService'
 
 export const translateText = async (
   text: string,
-  targetLanguage: string,
+  targetLanguage: Language,
   onResponse?: (text: string, isComplete: boolean) => void
 ) => {
   const translateModel = store.getState().llm.translateModel
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/index.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/index.ts
index f0c0cb2680..5f1d84bfae 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/index.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/index.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ const persistedReducer = persistReducer(
   {
     key: 'cherry-studio',
     storage,
-    version: 119,
+    version: 120,
     blacklist: ['runtime', 'messages', 'messageBlocks'],
     migrate
   },
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/migrate.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/migrate.ts
index a305d03735..53c28a84ba 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/migrate.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/migrate.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { SYSTEM_MODELS } from '@renderer/config/models'
 import { TRANSLATE_PROMPT } from '@renderer/config/prompts'
 import db from '@renderer/databases'
 import i18n from '@renderer/i18n'
-import { Assistant, Provider, WebSearchProvider } from '@renderer/types'
+import { Assistant, LanguageCode, Provider, WebSearchProvider } from '@renderer/types'
 import { getDefaultGroupName, getLeadingEmoji, runAsyncFunction, uuid } from '@renderer/utils'
 import { UpgradeChannel } from '@shared/config/constant'
 import { isEmpty } from 'lodash'
@@ -897,6 +897,7 @@ const migrateConfig = {
   },
   '65': (state: RootState) => {
     try {
+      // @ts-ignore expect error
       state.settings.targetLanguage = 'english'
       return state
     } catch (error) {
@@ -1736,6 +1737,25 @@ const migrateConfig = {
     } catch (error) {
       return state
     }
+  },
+  '120': (state: RootState) => {
+    try {
+      const langMap: Record<string, LanguageCode> = {
+        english: 'en-us',
+        chinese: 'zh-cn',
+        'chinese-traditional': 'zh-tw',
+        japanese: 'ja-jp',
+        russian: 'ru-ru'
+      }
+
+      const origin = state.settings.targetLanguage
+      const newLang = langMap[origin]
+      if (newLang) state.settings.targetLanguage = newLang
+      else state.settings.targetLanguage = 'en-us'
+      return state
+    } catch (error) {
+      return state
+    }
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/settings.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/settings.ts
index 771e7cf349..71b99b9463 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/settings.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/settings.ts
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ export const initialState: SettingsState = {
   assistantsTabSortType: 'list',
   sendMessageShortcut: 'Enter',
   language: navigator.language as LanguageVarious,
-  targetLanguage: 'english' as TranslateLanguageVarious,
+  targetLanguage: 'en-us',
   proxyMode: 'system',
   proxyUrl: undefined,
   userName: '',
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/types/index.ts b/src/renderer/src/types/index.ts
index 21eb4bbc99..b90e41b79b 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/types/index.ts
@@ -340,16 +340,7 @@ export enum ThemeMode {
 
 export type LanguageVarious = 'zh-CN' | 'zh-TW' | 'el-GR' | 'en-US' | 'es-ES' | 'fr-FR' | 'ja-JP' | 'pt-PT' | 'ru-RU'
 
-export type TranslateLanguageVarious =
-  | 'chinese'
-  | 'chinese-traditional'
-  | 'greek'
-  | 'english'
-  | 'spanish'
-  | 'french'
-  | 'japanese'
-  | 'portuguese'
-  | 'russian'
+export type TranslateLanguageVarious = LanguageCode
 
 export type CodeStyleVarious = 'auto' | string
 
@@ -489,12 +480,41 @@ export type GenerateImageResponse = {
   images: string[]
 }
 
+export type LanguageCode =
+  | 'en-us'
+  | 'zh-cn'
+  | 'zh-tw'
+  | 'ja-jp'
+  | 'ko-kr'
+  | 'fr-fr'
+  | 'de-de'
+  | 'it-it'
+  | 'es-es'
+  | 'pt-pt'
+  | 'ru-ru'
+  | 'pl-pl'
+  | 'ar-ar'
+  | 'tr-tr'
+  | 'th-th'
+  | 'vi-vn'
+  | 'id-id'
+  | 'ur-pk'
+  | 'ms-my'
+
+// langCode应当能够唯一确认一种语言
+export type Language = {
+  value: string
+  langCode: LanguageCode
+  label: () => string
+  emoji: string
+}
+
 export interface TranslateHistory {
   id: string
   sourceText: string
   targetText: string
-  sourceLanguage: string
-  targetLanguage: string
+  sourceLanguage: LanguageCode
+  targetLanguage: LanguageCode
   createdAt: string
 }
 
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/utils/translate.ts b/src/renderer/src/utils/translate.ts
index bd50733482..77a88928b9 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/utils/translate.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/utils/translate.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
+import { LanguagesEnum } from '@renderer/config/translate'
+import { Language, LanguageCode } from '@renderer/types'
 import { franc } from 'franc-min'
 import React, { MutableRefObject } from 'react'
 
 /**
  * 使用Unicode字符范围检测语言
  * 适用于较短文本的语言检测
- * @param {string} text 需要检测语言的文本
- * @returns {string} 检测到的语言代码
+ * @param text 需要检测语言的文本
+ * @returns 检测到的语言
  */
-export const detectLanguageByUnicode = (text: string): string => {
+export const detectLanguageByUnicode = (text: string): Language => {
   const counts = {
     zh: 0,
     ja: 0,
@@ -40,8 +42,8 @@ export const detectLanguageByUnicode = (text: string): string => {
     }
   }
 
-  if (totalChars === 0) return 'en'
-  let maxLang = 'en'
+  if (totalChars === 0) return LanguagesEnum.enUS
+  let maxLang = ''
   let maxCount = 0
 
   for (const [lang, count] of Object.entries(counts)) {
@@ -52,73 +54,68 @@ export const detectLanguageByUnicode = (text: string): string => {
   }
 
   if (maxCount / totalChars < 0.3) {
-    return 'en'
+    return LanguagesEnum.enUS
+  }
+
+  switch (maxLang) {
+    case 'zh':
+      return LanguagesEnum.zhCN
+    case 'ja':
+      return LanguagesEnum.jaJP
+    case 'ko':
+      return LanguagesEnum.koKR
+    case 'ru':
+      return LanguagesEnum.ruRU
+    case 'ar':
+      return LanguagesEnum.arAR
+    case 'en':
+      return LanguagesEnum.enUS
+    default:
+      console.error(`Unknown language: ${maxLang}`)
+      return LanguagesEnum.enUS
   }
-  return maxLang
 }
 
 /**
  * 检测输入文本的语言
- * @param {string} inputText 需要检测语言的文本
- * @returns {Promise<string>} 检测到的语言代码
+ * @param inputText 需要检测语言的文本
+ * @returns 检测到的语言
  */
-export const detectLanguage = async (inputText: string): Promise<string> => {
+export const detectLanguage = async (inputText: string): Promise<Language> => {
   const text = inputText.trim()
-  if (!text) return 'any'
-  let code: string
+  if (!text) return LanguagesEnum.zhCN
+  let lang: Language
 
   // 如果文本长度小于20个字符，使用Unicode范围检测
   if (text.length < 20) {
-    code = detectLanguageByUnicode(text)
+    lang = detectLanguageByUnicode(text)
   } else {
     // franc 返回 ISO 639-3 代码
     const iso3 = franc(text)
-    const isoMap: Record<string, string> = {
-      cmn: 'zh',
-      jpn: 'ja',
-      kor: 'ko',
-      rus: 'ru',
-      ara: 'ar',
-      spa: 'es',
-      fra: 'fr',
-      deu: 'de',
-      ita: 'it',
-      por: 'pt',
-      eng: 'en',
-      pol: 'pl',
-      tur: 'tr',
-      tha: 'th',
-      vie: 'vi',
-      ind: 'id',
-      urd: 'ur',
-      zsm: 'ms'
+    const isoMap: Record<string, Language> = {
+      cmn: LanguagesEnum.zhCN,
+      jpn: LanguagesEnum.jaJP,
+      kor: LanguagesEnum.koKR,
+      rus: LanguagesEnum.ruRU,
+      ara: LanguagesEnum.arAR,
+      spa: LanguagesEnum.esES,
+      fra: LanguagesEnum.frFR,
+      deu: LanguagesEnum.deDE,
+      ita: LanguagesEnum.itIT,
+      por: LanguagesEnum.ptPT,
+      eng: LanguagesEnum.enUS,
+      pol: LanguagesEnum.plPL,
+      tur: LanguagesEnum.trTR,
+      tha: LanguagesEnum.thTH,
+      vie: LanguagesEnum.viVN,
+      ind: LanguagesEnum.idID,
+      urd: LanguagesEnum.urPK,
+      zsm: LanguagesEnum.msMY
     }
-    code = isoMap[iso3] || 'en'
+    lang = isoMap[iso3] || LanguagesEnum.enUS
   }
 
-  // 映射到应用使用的语言键
-  const languageMap: Record<string, string> = {
-    zh: 'chinese',
-    ja: 'japanese',
-    ko: 'korean',
-    ru: 'russian',
-    es: 'spanish',
-    fr: 'french',
-    de: 'german',
-    it: 'italian',
-    pt: 'portuguese',
-    ar: 'arabic',
-    en: 'english',
-    pl: 'polish',
-    tr: 'turkish',
-    th: 'thai',
-    vi: 'vietnamese',
-    id: 'indonesian',
-    ur: 'urdu',
-    ms: 'malay'
-  }
-
-  return languageMap[code] || 'english'
+  return lang
 }
 
 /**
@@ -127,10 +124,13 @@ export const detectLanguage = async (inputText: string): Promise<string> => {
  * @param languagePair 配置的语言对
  * @returns 目标语言
  */
-export const getTargetLanguageForBidirectional = (sourceLanguage: string, languagePair: [string, string]): string => {
-  if (sourceLanguage === languagePair[0]) {
+export const getTargetLanguageForBidirectional = (
+  sourceLanguage: Language,
+  languagePair: [Language, Language]
+): Language => {
+  if (sourceLanguage.langCode === languagePair[0].langCode) {
     return languagePair[1]
-  } else if (sourceLanguage === languagePair[1]) {
+  } else if (sourceLanguage.langCode === languagePair[1].langCode) {
     return languagePair[0]
   }
   return languagePair[0] !== sourceLanguage ? languagePair[0] : languagePair[1]
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ export const getTargetLanguageForBidirectional = (sourceLanguage: string, langua
  * @param languagePair 配置的语言对
  * @returns 是否在语言对中
  */
-export const isLanguageInPair = (sourceLanguage: string, languagePair: [string, string]): boolean => {
-  return [languagePair[0], languagePair[1]].includes(sourceLanguage)
+export const isLanguageInPair = (sourceLanguage: Language, languagePair: [Language, Language]): boolean => {
+  return [languagePair[0].langCode, languagePair[1].langCode].includes(sourceLanguage.langCode)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -155,11 +155,11 @@ export const isLanguageInPair = (sourceLanguage: string, languagePair: [string,
  * @returns 处理结果对象
  */
 export const determineTargetLanguage = (
-  sourceLanguage: string,
-  targetLanguage: string,
+  sourceLanguage: Language,
+  targetLanguage: Language,
   isBidirectional: boolean,
-  bidirectionalPair: [string, string]
-): { success: boolean; language?: string; errorType?: 'same_language' | 'not_in_pair' } => {
+  bidirectionalPair: [Language, Language]
+): { success: boolean; language?: Language; errorType?: 'same_language' | 'not_in_pair' } => {
   if (isBidirectional) {
     if (!isLanguageInPair(sourceLanguage, bidirectionalPair)) {
       return { success: false, errorType: 'not_in_pair' }
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ export const determineTargetLanguage = (
       language: getTargetLanguageForBidirectional(sourceLanguage, bidirectionalPair)
     }
   } else {
-    if (sourceLanguage === targetLanguage) {
+    if (sourceLanguage.langCode === targetLanguage.langCode) {
       return { success: false, errorType: 'same_language' }
     }
     return { success: true, language: targetLanguage }
@@ -228,3 +228,21 @@ export const createOutputScrollHandler = (
     handleScrollSync(e.currentTarget, inputEl, isProgrammaticScrollRef)
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * 根据语言代码获取对应的语言对象
+ * @param langcode - 语言代码
+ * @returns 返回对应的语言对象，如果找不到则返回英语(enUS)
+ * @example
+ * ```typescript
+ * const language = getLanguageByLangcode('zh-cn') // 返回中文语言对象
+ * ```
+ */
+export const getLanguageByLangcode = (langcode: LanguageCode): Language => {
+  const result = Object.values(LanguagesEnum).find((item) => item.langCode === langcode)
+  if (!result) {
+    console.error(`Language not found for langcode: ${langcode}`)
+    return LanguagesEnum.enUS
+  }
+  return result
+}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/windows/mini/translate/TranslateWindow.tsx b/src/renderer/src/windows/mini/translate/TranslateWindow.tsx
index 26e83fcf17..9cfde74bd3 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/windows/mini/translate/TranslateWindow.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/windows/mini/translate/TranslateWindow.tsx
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 import { SwapOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons'
 import Scrollbar from '@renderer/components/Scrollbar'
-import { TranslateLanguageOptions } from '@renderer/config/translate'
+import { LanguagesEnum, translateLanguageOptions } from '@renderer/config/translate'
 import db from '@renderer/databases'
 import { useDefaultModel } from '@renderer/hooks/useAssistant'
 import { fetchTranslate } from '@renderer/services/ApiService'
 import { getDefaultTranslateAssistant } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
-import { Assistant } from '@renderer/types'
+import { Assistant, Language } from '@renderer/types'
 import { runAsyncFunction } from '@renderer/utils'
-import { Select, Space } from 'antd'
+import { getLanguageByLangcode } from '@renderer/utils/translate'
+import { Select } from 'antd'
 import { isEmpty } from 'lodash'
 import { FC, useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { useHotkeys } from 'react-hotkeys-hook'
@@ -18,11 +19,11 @@ interface Props {
   text: string
 }
 
-let _targetLanguage = 'chinese'
+let _targetLanguage = (await db.settings.get({ id: 'translate:target:language' }))?.value || LanguagesEnum.zhCN
 
 const Translate: FC<Props> = ({ text }) => {
   const [result, setResult] = useState('')
-  const [targetLanguage, setTargetLanguage] = useState(_targetLanguage)
+  const [targetLanguage, setTargetLanguage] = useState<Language>(_targetLanguage)
   const { translateModel } = useDefaultModel()
   const { t } = useTranslation()
   const translatingRef = useRef(false)
@@ -37,8 +38,7 @@ const Translate: FC<Props> = ({ text }) => {
     try {
       translatingRef.current = true
 
-      const targetLang = await db.settings.get({ id: 'translate:target:language' })
-      const assistant: Assistant = getDefaultTranslateAssistant(targetLang?.value || targetLanguage, text)
+      const assistant: Assistant = getDefaultTranslateAssistant(targetLanguage, text)
       // const message: Message = {
       //   id: uuid(),
       //   role: 'user',
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ const Translate: FC<Props> = ({ text }) => {
   useEffect(() => {
     runAsyncFunction(async () => {
       const targetLang = await db.settings.get({ id: 'translate:target:language' })
-      targetLang && setTargetLanguage(targetLang.value)
+      targetLang && setTargetLanguage(getLanguageByLangcode(targetLang.value))
     })
   }, [])
 
@@ -91,22 +91,17 @@ const Translate: FC<Props> = ({ text }) => {
         <SwapOutlined />
         <Select
           showSearch
-          value={targetLanguage}
+          value={targetLanguage.langCode}
           style={{ maxWidth: 200, minWidth: 130, flex: 1 }}
           optionFilterProp="label"
-          options={TranslateLanguageOptions}
+          options={translateLanguageOptions.map((option) => ({
+            value: option.langCode,
+            label: option.emoji + ' ' + option.label()
+          }))}
           onChange={async (value) => {
             await db.settings.put({ id: 'translate:target:language', value })
-            setTargetLanguage(value)
+            setTargetLanguage(getLanguageByLangcode(value))
           }}
-          optionRender={(option) => (
-            <Space>
-              <span role="img" aria-label={option.data.label}>
-                {option.data.emoji}
-              </span>
-              {option.label}
-            </Space>
-          )}
         />
       </MenuContainer>
       <Main>
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/windows/selection/action/components/ActionTranslate.tsx b/src/renderer/src/windows/selection/action/components/ActionTranslate.tsx
index 106b316668..4530ab2155 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/windows/selection/action/components/ActionTranslate.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/windows/selection/action/components/ActionTranslate.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { LoadingOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons'
 import CopyButton from '@renderer/components/CopyButton'
-import { TranslateLanguageOptions, translateLanguageOptions } from '@renderer/config/translate'
+import { LanguagesEnum, translateLanguageOptions } from '@renderer/config/translate'
 import db from '@renderer/databases'
 import { useTopicMessages } from '@renderer/hooks/useMessageOperations'
 import { useSettings } from '@renderer/hooks/useSettings'
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ import {
   getDefaultTopic,
   getTranslateModel
 } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
-import { Assistant, Topic } from '@renderer/types'
+import { Assistant, Language, Topic } from '@renderer/types'
 import type { ActionItem } from '@renderer/types/selectionTypes'
 import { runAsyncFunction } from '@renderer/utils'
 import { abortCompletion } from '@renderer/utils/abortController'
-import { detectLanguage } from '@renderer/utils/translate'
+import { detectLanguage, getLanguageByLangcode } from '@renderer/utils/translate'
 import { Select, Space, Tooltip } from 'antd'
 import { ArrowRightFromLine, ArrowRightToLine, ChevronDown, CircleHelp, Globe } from 'lucide-react'
 import { FC, useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react'
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ const ActionTranslate: FC<Props> = ({ action, scrollToBottom }) => {
   const { t } = useTranslation()
   const { translateModelPrompt, language } = useSettings()
 
-  const [targetLanguage, setTargetLanguage] = useState('')
-  const [alterLanguage, setAlterLanguage] = useState('')
+  const [targetLanguage, setTargetLanguage] = useState<Language>(LanguagesEnum.enUS)
+  const [alterLanguage, setAlterLanguage] = useState<Language>(LanguagesEnum.zhCN)
 
   const [error, setError] = useState('')
   const [showOriginal, setShowOriginal] = useState(false)
@@ -52,24 +52,24 @@ const ActionTranslate: FC<Props> = ({ action, scrollToBottom }) => {
     runAsyncFunction(async () => {
       const biDirectionLangPair = await db.settings.get({ id: 'translate:bidirectional:pair' })
 
-      let targetLang = ''
-      let alterLang = ''
+      let targetLang: Language
+      let alterLang: Language
 
       if (!biDirectionLangPair || !biDirectionLangPair.value[0]) {
-        const lang = TranslateLanguageOptions.find((lang) => lang.langCode?.toLowerCase() === language.toLowerCase())
+        const lang = translateLanguageOptions.find((lang) => lang.langCode?.toLowerCase() === language.toLowerCase())
         if (lang) {
-          targetLang = lang.value
+          targetLang = lang
         } else {
-          targetLang = 'chinese'
+          targetLang = LanguagesEnum.zhCN
         }
       } else {
-        targetLang = biDirectionLangPair.value[0]
+        targetLang = getLanguageByLangcode(biDirectionLangPair.value[0])
       }
 
       if (!biDirectionLangPair || !biDirectionLangPair.value[1]) {
-        alterLang = 'english'
+        alterLang = LanguagesEnum.enUS
       } else {
-        alterLang = biDirectionLangPair.value[1]
+        alterLang = getLanguageByLangcode(biDirectionLangPair.value[1])
       }
 
       setTargetLanguage(targetLang)
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ const ActionTranslate: FC<Props> = ({ action, scrollToBottom }) => {
 
     const sourceLanguage = await detectLanguage(action.selectedText)
 
-    let translateLang = ''
-    if (sourceLanguage === targetLanguage) {
+    let translateLang: Language
+    if (sourceLanguage.langCode === targetLanguage.langCode) {
       translateLang = alterLanguage
     } else {
       translateLang = targetLanguage
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ const ActionTranslate: FC<Props> = ({ action, scrollToBottom }) => {
 
     // Initialize prompt content
     const userContent = translateModelPrompt
-      .replaceAll('{{target_language}}', translateLang)
+      .replaceAll('{{target_language}}', translateLang.value)
       .replaceAll('{{text}}', action.selectedText)
 
     processMessages(assistantRef.current, topicRef.current, userContent, setAskId, onStream, onFinish, onError)
@@ -147,11 +147,11 @@ const ActionTranslate: FC<Props> = ({ action, scrollToBottom }) => {
     return lastAssistantMessage ? <MessageContent key={lastAssistantMessage.id} message={lastAssistantMessage} /> : null
   }, [allMessages])
 
-  const handleChangeLanguage = (targetLanguage: string, alterLanguage: string) => {
+  const handleChangeLanguage = (targetLanguage: Language, alterLanguage: Language) => {
     setTargetLanguage(targetLanguage)
     setAlterLanguage(alterLanguage)
 
-    db.settings.put({ id: 'translate:bidirectional:pair', value: [targetLanguage, alterLanguage] })
+    db.settings.put({ id: 'translate:bidirectional:pair', value: [targetLanguage.langCode, alterLanguage.langCode] })
   }
 
   const handlePause = () => {
@@ -177,46 +177,46 @@ const ActionTranslate: FC<Props> = ({ action, scrollToBottom }) => {
           <ArrowRightToLine size={16} color="var(--color-text-3)" style={{ margin: '0 2px' }} />
           <Tooltip placement="bottom" title={t('translate.target_language')} arrow>
             <Select
-              value={targetLanguage}
+              value={targetLanguage.langCode}
               style={{ minWidth: 80, maxWidth: 200, flex: 'auto' }}
               listHeight={160}
               title={t('translate.target_language')}
               optionFilterProp="label"
-              options={translateLanguageOptions().map((lang) => ({
-                value: lang.value,
+              options={translateLanguageOptions.map((lang) => ({
+                value: lang.langCode,
                 label: (
                   <Space.Compact direction="horizontal" block>
                     <span role="img" aria-label={lang.emoji} style={{ marginRight: 8 }}>
                       {lang.emoji}
                     </span>
-                    <Space.Compact block>{lang.label}</Space.Compact>
+                    <Space.Compact block>{lang.label()}</Space.Compact>
                   </Space.Compact>
                 )
               }))}
-              onChange={(value) => handleChangeLanguage(value, alterLanguage)}
+              onChange={(value) => handleChangeLanguage(getLanguageByLangcode(value), alterLanguage)}
               disabled={isLoading}
             />
           </Tooltip>
           <ArrowRightFromLine size={16} color="var(--color-text-3)" style={{ margin: '0 2px' }} />
           <Tooltip placement="bottom" title={t('translate.alter_language')} arrow>
             <Select
-              value={alterLanguage}
+              value={alterLanguage.langCode}
               style={{ minWidth: 80, maxWidth: 200, flex: 'auto' }}
               listHeight={160}
               title={t('translate.alter_language')}
               optionFilterProp="label"
-              options={translateLanguageOptions().map((lang) => ({
-                value: lang.value,
+              options={translateLanguageOptions.map((lang) => ({
+                value: lang.langCode,
                 label: (
                   <Space.Compact direction="horizontal" block>
                     <span role="img" aria-label={lang.emoji} style={{ marginRight: 8 }}>
                       {lang.emoji}
                     </span>
-                    <Space.Compact block>{lang.label}</Space.Compact>
+                    <Space.Compact block>{lang.label()}</Space.Compact>
                   </Space.Compact>
                 )
               }))}
-              onChange={(value) => handleChangeLanguage(targetLanguage, value)}
+              onChange={(value) => handleChangeLanguage(targetLanguage, getLanguageByLangcode(value))}
               disabled={isLoading}
             />
           </Tooltip>