diff --git a/src/renderer/src/config/models/__tests__/utils.test.ts b/src/renderer/src/config/models/__tests__/utils.test.ts
index f3f4d402a..a163061ea 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/config/models/__tests__/utils.test.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/config/models/__tests__/utils.test.ts
@@ -125,195 +125,371 @@ describe('model utils', () => {
     openAIWebSearchOnlyMock.mockReturnValue(false)
   })
 
-  it('detects OpenAI LLM models through reasoning and GPT prefix', () => {
-    expect(isOpenAILLMModel(undefined as unknown as Model)).toBe(false)
-    expect(isOpenAILLMModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o-image' }))).toBe(false)
+  describe('OpenAI model detection', () => {
+    describe('isOpenAILLMModel', () => {
+      it('returns false for undefined model', () => {
+        expect(isOpenAILLMModel(undefined as unknown as Model)).toBe(false)
+      })
 
-    reasoningMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true)
-    expect(isOpenAILLMModel(createModel({ id: 'o1-preview' }))).toBe(true)
+      it('returns false for image generation models', () => {
+        expect(isOpenAILLMModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o-image' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
 
-    expect(isOpenAILLMModel(createModel({ id: 'GPT-5-turbo' }))).toBe(true)
-  })
+      it('returns true for reasoning models', () => {
+        reasoningMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true)
+        expect(isOpenAILLMModel(createModel({ id: 'o1-preview' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
 
-  it('detects OpenAI models via GPT prefix or reasoning support', () => {
-    expect(isOpenAIModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4.1' }))).toBe(true)
-    reasoningMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true)
-    expect(isOpenAIModel(createModel({ id: 'o3' }))).toBe(true)
-  })
-
-  it('evaluates support for flex service tier and alias helper', () => {
-    expect(isSupportFlexServiceTierModel(createModel({ id: 'o3' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isSupportFlexServiceTierModel(createModel({ id: 'o3-mini' }))).toBe(false)
-    expect(isSupportFlexServiceTierModel(createModel({ id: 'o4-mini' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isSupportFlexServiceTierModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-preview' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isSupportedFlexServiceTier(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }))).toBe(false)
-  })
-
-  it('detects verbosity support for GPT-5+ families', () => {
-    expect(isSupportVerbosityModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isSupportVerbosityModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-chat' }))).toBe(false)
-    expect(isSupportVerbosityModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5.1-preview' }))).toBe(true)
-  })
-
-  it('limits verbosity controls for GPT-5 Pro models', () => {
-    const proModel = createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-pro' })
-    const previewModel = createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-preview' })
-    expect(getModelSupportedVerbosity(proModel)).toEqual([undefined, 'high'])
-    expect(getModelSupportedVerbosity(previewModel)).toEqual([undefined, 'low', 'medium', 'high'])
-    expect(isGPT5ProModel(proModel)).toBe(true)
-    expect(isGPT5ProModel(previewModel)).toBe(false)
-  })
-
-  it('identifies OpenAI chat-completion-only models', () => {
-    expect(isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o-search-preview' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel(createModel({ id: 'o1-mini' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }))).toBe(false)
-  })
-
-  it('filters unsupported OpenAI catalog entries', () => {
-    expect(isSupportedModel({ id: 'gpt-4', object: 'model' } as any)).toBe(true)
-    expect(isSupportedModel({ id: 'tts-1', object: 'model' } as any)).toBe(false)
-  })
-
-  it('calculates temperature/top-p support correctly', () => {
-    const model = createModel({ id: 'o1' })
-    reasoningMock.mockReturnValue(true)
-    expect(isNotSupportTemperatureAndTopP(model)).toBe(true)
-
-    const openWeight = createModel({ id: 'gpt-oss-debug' })
-    expect(isNotSupportTemperatureAndTopP(openWeight)).toBe(false)
-
-    const chatOnly = createModel({ id: 'o1-preview' })
-    reasoningMock.mockReturnValue(false)
-    expect(isNotSupportTemperatureAndTopP(chatOnly)).toBe(true)
-
-    const qwenMt = createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-large', provider: 'aliyun' })
-    expect(isNotSupportTemperatureAndTopP(qwenMt)).toBe(true)
-  })
-
-  it('handles gemma and gemini detections plus zhipu tagging', () => {
-    expect(isGemmaModel(createModel({ id: 'Gemma-3-27B' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isGemmaModel(createModel({ group: 'Gemma' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isGemmaModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }))).toBe(false)
-
-    expect(isGeminiModel(createModel({ id: 'Gemini-2.0' }))).toBe(true)
-
-    expect(isZhipuModel(createModel({ provider: 'zhipu' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isZhipuModel(createModel({ provider: 'openai' }))).toBe(false)
-  })
-
-  it('groups qwen models by prefix', () => {
-    const qwen = createModel({ id: 'Qwen-7B', provider: 'qwen', name: 'Qwen-7B' })
-    const qwenOmni = createModel({ id: 'qwen2.5-omni', name: 'qwen2.5-omni' })
-    const other = createModel({ id: 'deepseek-v3', group: 'DeepSeek' })
-
-    const grouped = groupQwenModels([qwen, qwenOmni, other])
-    expect(Object.keys(grouped)).toContain('qwen-7b')
-    expect(Object.keys(grouped)).toContain('qwen2.5')
-    expect(grouped.DeepSeek).toContain(other)
-  })
-
-  it('aggregates boolean helpers based on regex rules', () => {
-    expect(isAnthropicModel(createModel({ id: 'claude-3.5' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isQwenMTModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-plus' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isNotSupportSystemMessageModel(createModel({ id: 'gemma-moe' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isOpenAIOpenWeightModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-oss-free' }))).toBe(true)
-  })
-
-  describe('isNotSupportedTextDelta', () => {
-    it('returns true for qwen-mt-turbo and qwen-mt-plus models', () => {
-      // qwen-mt series that don't support text delta
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-turbo' }))).toBe(true)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-plus' }))).toBe(true)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'Qwen-MT-Turbo' }))).toBe(true)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'QWEN-MT-PLUS' }))).toBe(true)
+      it('returns true for GPT-prefixed models', () => {
+        expect(isOpenAILLMModel(createModel({ id: 'GPT-5-turbo' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
     })
 
-    it('returns false for qwen-mt-flash and other models', () => {
-      // qwen-mt-flash supports text delta
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-flash' }))).toBe(false)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'Qwen-MT-Flash' }))).toBe(false)
+    describe('isOpenAIModel', () => {
+      it('detects models via GPT prefix', () => {
+        expect(isOpenAIModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4.1' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
 
-      // Legacy qwen models without mt prefix (support text delta)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-turbo' }))).toBe(false)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-plus' }))).toBe(false)
-
-      // Other qwen models
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-max' }))).toBe(false)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen2.5-72b' }))).toBe(false)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-vl-plus' }))).toBe(false)
-
-      // Non-qwen models
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }))).toBe(false)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'claude-3.5' }))).toBe(false)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'glm-4-plus' }))).toBe(false)
+      it('detects models via reasoning support', () => {
+        reasoningMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true)
+        expect(isOpenAIModel(createModel({ id: 'o3' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
     })
 
-    it('handles models with version suffixes', () => {
-      // qwen-mt models with version suffixes
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-turbo-1201' }))).toBe(true)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-plus-0828' }))).toBe(true)
+    describe('isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel', () => {
+      it('identifies chat-completion-only models', () => {
+        expect(isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o-search-preview' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel(createModel({ id: 'o1-mini' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
 
-      // Legacy qwen models with version suffixes (support text delta)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-turbo-0828' }))).toBe(false)
-      expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-plus-latest' }))).toBe(false)
+      it('returns false for general models', () => {
+        expect(isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
     })
   })
 
-  it('evaluates GPT-5 family helpers', () => {
-    expect(isGPT5SeriesModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-preview' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isGPT5SeriesModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5.1-preview' }))).toBe(false)
-    expect(isGPT51SeriesModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5.1-mini' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isGPT5SeriesReasoningModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-prompt' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isSupportVerbosityModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-chat' }))).toBe(false)
+  describe('GPT-5 family detection', () => {
+    describe('isGPT5SeriesModel', () => {
+      it('returns true for GPT-5 models', () => {
+        expect(isGPT5SeriesModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-preview' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('returns false for GPT-5.1 models', () => {
+        expect(isGPT5SeriesModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5.1-preview' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('isGPT51SeriesModel', () => {
+      it('returns true for GPT-5.1 models', () => {
+        expect(isGPT51SeriesModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5.1-mini' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('isGPT5SeriesReasoningModel', () => {
+      it('returns true for GPT-5 reasoning models', () => {
+        expect(isGPT5SeriesReasoningModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+      it('returns false for gpt-5-chat', () => {
+        expect(isGPT5SeriesReasoningModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-chat' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('isGPT5ProModel', () => {
+      it('returns true for GPT-5 Pro models', () => {
+        expect(isGPT5ProModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-pro' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('returns false for non-Pro GPT-5 models', () => {
+        expect(isGPT5ProModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-preview' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
   })
 
-  it('wraps generate/vision helpers that operate on arrays', () => {
-    const models = [createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }), createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o-mini' })]
-    expect(isVisionModels(models)).toBe(true)
-    visionMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true).mockReturnValueOnce(false)
-    expect(isVisionModels(models)).toBe(false)
+  describe('Verbosity support', () => {
+    describe('isSupportVerbosityModel', () => {
+      it('returns true for GPT-5 models', () => {
+        expect(isSupportVerbosityModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
 
-    expect(isGenerateImageModels(models)).toBe(true)
-    generateImageMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true).mockReturnValueOnce(false)
-    expect(isGenerateImageModels(models)).toBe(false)
+      it('returns false for GPT-5 chat models', () => {
+        expect(isSupportVerbosityModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-chat' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+
+      it('returns true for GPT-5.1 models', () => {
+        expect(isSupportVerbosityModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5.1-preview' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('getModelSupportedVerbosity', () => {
+      it('returns only "high" for GPT-5 Pro models', () => {
+        expect(getModelSupportedVerbosity(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-pro' }))).toEqual([undefined, 'high'])
+        expect(getModelSupportedVerbosity(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-pro-2025-10-06' }))).toEqual([undefined, 'high'])
+      })
+
+      it('returns all levels for non-Pro GPT-5 models', () => {
+        const previewModel = createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-preview' })
+        expect(getModelSupportedVerbosity(previewModel)).toEqual([undefined, 'low', 'medium', 'high'])
+      })
+
+      it('returns all levels for GPT-5.1 models', () => {
+        const gpt51Model = createModel({ id: 'gpt-5.1-preview' })
+        expect(getModelSupportedVerbosity(gpt51Model)).toEqual([undefined, 'low', 'medium', 'high'])
+      })
+
+      it('returns only undefined for non-GPT-5 models', () => {
+        expect(getModelSupportedVerbosity(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }))).toEqual([undefined])
+        expect(getModelSupportedVerbosity(createModel({ id: 'claude-3.5' }))).toEqual([undefined])
+      })
+
+      it('returns only undefined for undefiend/null input', () => {
+        expect(getModelSupportedVerbosity(undefined)).toEqual([undefined])
+        expect(getModelSupportedVerbosity(null)).toEqual([undefined])
+      })
+    })
   })
 
-  it('filters models for agent usage', () => {
-    expect(agentModelFilter(createModel())).toBe(true)
+  describe('Flex service tier support', () => {
+    describe('isSupportFlexServiceTierModel', () => {
+      it('returns true for supported models', () => {
+        expect(isSupportFlexServiceTierModel(createModel({ id: 'o3' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isSupportFlexServiceTierModel(createModel({ id: 'o4-mini' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isSupportFlexServiceTierModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-5-preview' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
 
-    embeddingMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true)
-    expect(agentModelFilter(createModel({ id: 'text-embedding' }))).toBe(false)
+      it('returns false for unsupported models', () => {
+        expect(isSupportFlexServiceTierModel(createModel({ id: 'o3-mini' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
 
-    embeddingMock.mockReturnValue(false)
-    rerankMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true)
-    expect(agentModelFilter(createModel({ id: 'rerank' }))).toBe(false)
-
-    rerankMock.mockReturnValue(false)
-    textToImageMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true)
-    expect(agentModelFilter(createModel({ id: 'gpt-image-1' }))).toBe(false)
+    describe('isSupportedFlexServiceTier', () => {
+      it('returns false for non-flex models', () => {
+        expect(isSupportedFlexServiceTier(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
   })
 
-  it('identifies models with maximum temperature of 1.0', () => {
-    // Zhipu models should have max temperature of 1.0
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'glm-4' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'GLM-4-Plus' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'glm-3-turbo' }))).toBe(true)
+  describe('Temperature and top-p support', () => {
+    describe('isNotSupportTemperatureAndTopP', () => {
+      it('returns true for reasoning models', () => {
+        const model = createModel({ id: 'o1' })
+        reasoningMock.mockReturnValue(true)
+        expect(isNotSupportTemperatureAndTopP(model)).toBe(true)
+      })
 
-    // Anthropic models should have max temperature of 1.0
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'claude-3.5-sonnet' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'Claude-3-opus' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'claude-2.1' }))).toBe(true)
+      it('returns false for open weight models', () => {
+        const openWeight = createModel({ id: 'gpt-oss-debug' })
+        expect(isNotSupportTemperatureAndTopP(openWeight)).toBe(false)
+      })
 
-    // Moonshot models should have max temperature of 1.0
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'moonshot-1.0' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'kimi-k2-thinking' }))).toBe(true)
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'Moonshot-Pro' }))).toBe(true)
+      it('returns true for chat-only models without reasoning', () => {
+        const chatOnly = createModel({ id: 'o1-preview' })
+        reasoningMock.mockReturnValue(false)
+        expect(isNotSupportTemperatureAndTopP(chatOnly)).toBe(true)
+      })
 
-    // Other models should return false
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }))).toBe(false)
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4-turbo' }))).toBe(false)
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-max' }))).toBe(false)
-    expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'gemini-pro' }))).toBe(false)
+      it('returns true for Qwen MT models', () => {
+        const qwenMt = createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-large', provider: 'aliyun' })
+        expect(isNotSupportTemperatureAndTopP(qwenMt)).toBe(true)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Text delta support', () => {
+    describe('isNotSupportTextDeltaModel', () => {
+      it('returns true for qwen-mt-turbo and qwen-mt-plus models', () => {
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-turbo' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-plus' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'Qwen-MT-Turbo' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'QWEN-MT-PLUS' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('returns false for qwen-mt-flash and other models', () => {
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-flash' }))).toBe(false)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'Qwen-MT-Flash' }))).toBe(false)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-turbo' }))).toBe(false)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-plus' }))).toBe(false)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-max' }))).toBe(false)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen2.5-72b' }))).toBe(false)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-vl-plus' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+
+      it('returns false for non-qwen models', () => {
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }))).toBe(false)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'claude-3.5' }))).toBe(false)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'glm-4-plus' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+
+      it('handles models with version suffixes', () => {
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-turbo-1201' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-plus-0828' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-turbo-0828' }))).toBe(false)
+        expect(isNotSupportTextDeltaModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-plus-latest' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Model provider detection', () => {
+    describe('isGemmaModel', () => {
+      it('detects Gemma models by ID', () => {
+        expect(isGemmaModel(createModel({ id: 'Gemma-3-27B' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('detects Gemma models by group', () => {
+        expect(isGemmaModel(createModel({ group: 'Gemma' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('returns false for non-Gemma models', () => {
+        expect(isGemmaModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('isGeminiModel', () => {
+      it('detects Gemini models', () => {
+        expect(isGeminiModel(createModel({ id: 'Gemini-2.0' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('isZhipuModel', () => {
+      it('detects Zhipu models by provider', () => {
+        expect(isZhipuModel(createModel({ provider: 'zhipu' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('returns false for non-Zhipu models', () => {
+        expect(isZhipuModel(createModel({ provider: 'openai' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('isAnthropicModel', () => {
+      it('detects Anthropic models', () => {
+        expect(isAnthropicModel(createModel({ id: 'claude-3.5' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('isQwenMTModel', () => {
+      it('detects Qwen MT models', () => {
+        expect(isQwenMTModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-plus' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('isOpenAIOpenWeightModel', () => {
+      it('detects OpenAI open weight models', () => {
+        expect(isOpenAIOpenWeightModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-oss-free' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('System message support', () => {
+    describe('isNotSupportSystemMessageModel', () => {
+      it('returns true for models that do not support system messages', () => {
+        expect(isNotSupportSystemMessageModel(createModel({ id: 'gemma-moe' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Model grouping', () => {
+    describe('groupQwenModels', () => {
+      it('groups qwen models by prefix', () => {
+        const qwen = createModel({ id: 'Qwen-7B', provider: 'qwen', name: 'Qwen-7B' })
+        const qwenOmni = createModel({ id: 'qwen2.5-omni', name: 'qwen2.5-omni' })
+        const other = createModel({ id: 'deepseek-v3', group: 'DeepSeek' })
+
+        const grouped = groupQwenModels([qwen, qwenOmni, other])
+        expect(Object.keys(grouped)).toContain('qwen-7b')
+        expect(Object.keys(grouped)).toContain('qwen2.5')
+        expect(grouped.DeepSeek).toContain(other)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Vision and image generation', () => {
+    describe('isVisionModels', () => {
+      it('returns true when all models support vision', () => {
+        const models = [createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }), createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o-mini' })]
+        expect(isVisionModels(models)).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('returns false when some models do not support vision', () => {
+        const models = [createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }), createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o-mini' })]
+        visionMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true).mockReturnValueOnce(false)
+        expect(isVisionModels(models)).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('isGenerateImageModels', () => {
+      it('returns true when all models support image generation', () => {
+        const models = [createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }), createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o-mini' })]
+        expect(isGenerateImageModels(models)).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('returns false when some models do not support image generation', () => {
+        const models = [createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }), createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o-mini' })]
+        generateImageMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true).mockReturnValueOnce(false)
+        expect(isGenerateImageModels(models)).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Model filtering', () => {
+    describe('isSupportedModel', () => {
+      it('filters supported OpenAI catalog entries', () => {
+        expect(isSupportedModel({ id: 'gpt-4', object: 'model' } as any)).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('filters unsupported OpenAI catalog entries', () => {
+        expect(isSupportedModel({ id: 'tts-1', object: 'model' } as any)).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('agentModelFilter', () => {
+      it('returns true for regular models', () => {
+        expect(agentModelFilter(createModel())).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('filters out embedding models', () => {
+        embeddingMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true)
+        expect(agentModelFilter(createModel({ id: 'text-embedding' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+
+      it('filters out rerank models', () => {
+        embeddingMock.mockReturnValue(false)
+        rerankMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true)
+        expect(agentModelFilter(createModel({ id: 'rerank' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+
+      it('filters out text-to-image models', () => {
+        rerankMock.mockReturnValue(false)
+        textToImageMock.mockReturnValueOnce(true)
+        expect(agentModelFilter(createModel({ id: 'gpt-image-1' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Temperature limits', () => {
+    describe('isMaxTemperatureOneModel', () => {
+      it('returns true for Zhipu models', () => {
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'glm-4' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'GLM-4-Plus' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'glm-3-turbo' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('returns true for Anthropic models', () => {
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'claude-3.5-sonnet' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'Claude-3-opus' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'claude-2.1' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('returns true for Moonshot models', () => {
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'moonshot-1.0' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'kimi-k2-thinking' }))).toBe(true)
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'Moonshot-Pro' }))).toBe(true)
+      })
+
+      it('returns false for other models', () => {
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o' }))).toBe(false)
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'gpt-4-turbo' }))).toBe(false)
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'qwen-max' }))).toBe(false)
+        expect(isMaxTemperatureOneModel(createModel({ id: 'gemini-pro' }))).toBe(false)
+      })
+    })
   })
 })
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/config/models/utils.ts b/src/renderer/src/config/models/utils.ts
index 1d5c9a644..25e802b25 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/config/models/utils.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/config/models/utils.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,14 @@ import { type Model, SystemProviderIds } from '@renderer/types'
 import type { OpenAIVerbosity, ValidOpenAIVerbosity } from '@renderer/types/aiCoreTypes'
 import { getLowerBaseModelName } from '@renderer/utils'
 
-import { isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel, isOpenAIOpenWeightModel, isOpenAIReasoningModel } from './openai'
+import {
+  isGPT5ProModel,
+  isGPT5SeriesModel,
+  isGPT51SeriesModel,
+  isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel,
+  isOpenAIOpenWeightModel,
+  isOpenAIReasoningModel
+} from './openai'
 import { isQwenMTModel } from './qwen'
 import { isGenerateImageModel, isTextToImageModel, isVisionModel } from './vision'
 export const NOT_SUPPORTED_REGEX = /(?:^tts|whisper|speech)/i
@@ -123,21 +130,46 @@ export const isNotSupportSystemMessageModel = (model: Model): boolean => {
   return isQwenMTModel(model) || isGemmaModel(model)
 }
 
-// GPT-5 verbosity configuration
+// Verbosity settings is only supported by GPT-5 and newer models
+// Specifically, GPT-5 and GPT-5.1 for now
 // gpt-5-pro only supports 'high', other GPT-5 models support all levels
-export const MODEL_SUPPORTED_VERBOSITY: Record<string, ValidOpenAIVerbosity[]> = {
-  'gpt-5-pro': ['high'],
-  default: ['low', 'medium', 'high']
-} as const
+const MODEL_SUPPORTED_VERBOSITY: readonly {
+  readonly validator: (model: Model) => boolean
+  readonly values: readonly ValidOpenAIVerbosity[]
+}[] = [
+  // gpt-5-pro
+  { validator: isGPT5ProModel, values: ['high'] },
+  // gpt-5 except gpt-5-pro
+  {
+    validator: (model: Model) => isGPT5SeriesModel(model) && !isGPT5ProModel(model),
+    values: ['low', 'medium', 'high']
+  },
+  // gpt-5.1
+  { validator: isGPT51SeriesModel, values: ['low', 'medium', 'high'] }
+]
 
-export const getModelSupportedVerbosity = (model: Model): OpenAIVerbosity[] => {
-  const modelId = getLowerBaseModelName(model.id)
-  let supportedValues: ValidOpenAIVerbosity[]
-  if (modelId.includes('gpt-5-pro')) {
-    supportedValues = MODEL_SUPPORTED_VERBOSITY['gpt-5-pro']
-  } else {
-    supportedValues = MODEL_SUPPORTED_VERBOSITY.default
+/**
+ * Returns the list of supported verbosity levels for the given model.
+ * If the model is not recognized as a GPT-5 series model, only `undefined` is returned.
+ * For GPT-5-pro, only 'high' is supported; for other GPT-5 models, 'low', 'medium', and 'high' are supported.
+ * For GPT-5.1 series models, 'low', 'medium', and 'high' are supported.
+ * @param model - The model to check
+ * @returns An array of supported verbosity levels, always including `undefined` as the first element
+ */
+export const getModelSupportedVerbosity = (model: Model | undefined | null): OpenAIVerbosity[] => {
+  if (!model) {
+    return [undefined]
   }
+
+  let supportedValues: ValidOpenAIVerbosity[] = []
+
+  for (const { validator, values } of MODEL_SUPPORTED_VERBOSITY) {
+    if (validator(model)) {
+      supportedValues = [...values]
+      break
+    }
+  }
+
   return [undefined, ...supportedValues]
 }