diff --git a/src/renderer/src/config/models.ts b/src/renderer/src/config/models.ts
index e97d31f45a..8a8b293373 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/config/models.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/config/models.ts
@@ -2816,7 +2816,7 @@ export function isNotSupportTemperatureAndTopP(model: Model): boolean {
     return true
   }
 
-  if (isOpenAIReasoningModel(model) || isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel(model)) {
+  if (isOpenAIReasoningModel(model) || isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel(model) || isQwenMTModel(model)) {
     return true
   }
 
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/config/translate.ts b/src/renderer/src/config/translate.ts
index d707fa0431..704565fed5 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/config/translate.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/config/translate.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 import i18n from '@renderer/i18n'
 import { Language } from '@renderer/types'
 
+export const UNKNOWN: Language = {
+  value: 'Unknown',
+  langCode: 'unknown',
+  label: () => i18n.t('languages.unknown'),
+  emoji: '🏳️'
+}
+
 export const ENGLISH: Language = {
   value: 'English',
   langCode: 'en-us',
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/hooks/useTranslate.ts b/src/renderer/src/hooks/useTranslate.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..177fe2fa20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer/src/hooks/useTranslate.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import db from '@renderer/databases'
+import { fetchTranslate } from '@renderer/services/ApiService'
+import { getDefaultTranslateAssistant } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
+import { loggerService } from '@renderer/services/LoggerService'
+import store, { useAppDispatch, useAppSelector } from '@renderer/store'
+import { setTranslating as _setTranslating } from '@renderer/store/runtime'
+import { setTranslatedContent as _setTranslatedContent } from '@renderer/store/translate'
+import { Language, LanguageCode, TranslateAssistant, TranslateHistory } from '@renderer/types'
+import { uuid } from '@renderer/utils'
+import { t } from 'i18next'
+import { throttle } from 'lodash'
+
+/**
+ * 翻译页面的核心钩子函数
+ * @returns 返回翻译相关的状态和方法
+ * - translatedContent: 翻译后的内容
+ * - translating: 是否正在翻译
+ * - setTranslatedContent: 设置翻译后的内容
+ * - setTranslating: 设置翻译状态
+ * - translate: 执行翻译操作
+ * - saveTranslateHistory: 保存翻译历史
+ * - deleteHistory: 删除指定翻译历史
+ * - clearHistory: 清空所有翻译历史
+ */
+export default function useTranslate() {
+  const translatedContent = useAppSelector((state) => state.translate.translatedContent)
+  const translating = useAppSelector((state) => state.runtime.translating)
+
+  const dispatch = useAppDispatch()
+  const logger = loggerService.withContext('useTranslate')
+
+  const setTranslatedContent = (content: string) => {
+    dispatch(_setTranslatedContent(content))
+  }
+
+  const setTranslating = (translating: boolean) => {
+    dispatch(_setTranslating(translating))
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 翻译文本并保存历史记录，包含完整的异常处理，不会抛出异常
+   * @param text - 需要翻译的文本
+   * @param actualSourceLanguage - 源语言
+   * @param actualTargetLanguage - 目标语言
+   */
+  const translate = async (
+    text: string,
+    actualSourceLanguage: Language,
+    actualTargetLanguage: Language
+  ): Promise<void> => {
+    try {
+      if (translating) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      setTranslating(true)
+
+      let assistant: TranslateAssistant
+      try {
+        assistant = getDefaultTranslateAssistant(actualTargetLanguage, text)
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (e instanceof Error) {
+          window.message.error(e.message)
+          return
+        } else {
+          throw e
+        }
+      }
+
+      try {
+        await fetchTranslate({
+          content: text,
+          assistant,
+          onResponse: throttle(setTranslatedContent, 100)
+        })
+      } catch (e) {
+        logger.error('Failed to translate text', e as Error)
+        window.message.error(t('translate.error.failed'))
+        setTranslating(false)
+        return
+      }
+
+      window.message.success(t('translate.complete'))
+
+      try {
+        const translatedContent = store.getState().translate.translatedContent
+        await saveTranslateHistory(
+          text,
+          translatedContent,
+          actualSourceLanguage.langCode,
+          actualTargetLanguage.langCode
+        )
+      } catch (e) {
+        logger.error('Failed to save translate history', e as Error)
+        window.message.error(t('translate.history.error.save'))
+      }
+
+      setTranslating(false)
+    } catch (e) {
+      logger.error('Failed to translate', e as Error)
+      window.message.error(t('translate.error.unknown'))
+      setTranslating(false)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 保存翻译历史记录到数据库
+   * @param sourceText - 原文内容
+   * @param targetText - 翻译后的内容
+   * @param sourceLanguage - 源语言代码
+   * @param targetLanguage - 目标语言代码
+   * @returns Promise<void>
+   */
+  const saveTranslateHistory = async (
+    sourceText: string,
+    targetText: string,
+    sourceLanguage: LanguageCode,
+    targetLanguage: LanguageCode
+  ) => {
+    const history: TranslateHistory = {
+      id: uuid(),
+      sourceText,
+      targetText,
+      sourceLanguage,
+      targetLanguage,
+      createdAt: new Date().toISOString()
+    }
+    await db.translate_history.add(history)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 删除指定的翻译历史记录
+   * @param id - 要删除的翻译历史记录ID
+   * @returns Promise<void>
+   */
+  const deleteHistory = async (id: string) => {
+    db.translate_history.delete(id)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 清空所有翻译历史记录
+   * @returns Promise<void>
+   */
+  const clearHistory = async () => {
+    db.translate_history.clear()
+  }
+
+  return {
+    translatedContent,
+    translating,
+    setTranslatedContent,
+    setTranslating,
+    translate,
+    saveTranslateHistory,
+    deleteHistory,
+    clearHistory
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en-us.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en-us.json
index 99d6a7c421..0fbfa9fcd8 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en-us.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/en-us.json
@@ -913,6 +913,7 @@
     "thai": "Thai",
     "turkish": "Turkish",
     "ukrainian": "Ukrainian",
+    "unknown": "unknown",
     "urdu": "Urdu",
     "vietnamese": "Vietnamese"
   },
@@ -3394,6 +3395,7 @@
     },
     "close": "Close",
     "closed": "Translation closed",
+    "complete": "Translation completed",
     "confirm": {
       "content": "Translation will replace the original text, continue?",
       "title": "Translation Confirmation"
@@ -3405,13 +3407,17 @@
     "empty": "Translation content is empty",
     "error": {
       "failed": "Translation failed",
-      "not_configured": "Translation model is not configured"
+      "not_configured": "Translation model is not configured",
+      "unknown": "An unknown error occurred during translation"
     },
     "history": {
       "clear": "Clear History",
       "clear_description": "Clear history will delete all translation history, continue?",
       "delete": "Delete",
       "empty": "No translation history",
+      "error": {
+        "save": "Failed to save translation history"
+      },
       "title": "Translation History"
     },
     "input": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ja-jp.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ja-jp.json
index 14a0838b6a..a5918fabde 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ja-jp.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ja-jp.json
@@ -913,6 +913,7 @@
     "thai": "タイ語",
     "turkish": "トルコ語",
     "ukrainian": "ウクライナ語",
+    "unknown": "未知",
     "urdu": "ウルドゥー語",
     "vietnamese": "ベトナム語"
   },
@@ -3394,6 +3395,7 @@
     },
     "close": "閉じる",
     "closed": "翻訳は閉じられました",
+    "complete": "翻訳完了",
     "confirm": {
       "content": "翻訳すると元のテキストが上書きされます。続行しますか？",
       "title": "翻訳確認"
@@ -3405,13 +3407,17 @@
     "empty": "翻訳内容が空です",
     "error": {
       "failed": "翻訳に失敗しました",
-      "not_configured": "翻訳モデルが設定されていません"
+      "not_configured": "翻訳モデルが設定されていません",
+      "unknown": "翻訳中に不明なエラーが発生しました"
     },
     "history": {
       "clear": "履歴をクリア",
       "clear_description": "履歴をクリアすると、すべての翻訳履歴が削除されます。続行しますか？",
       "delete": "削除",
       "empty": "翻訳履歴がありません",
+      "error": {
+        "save": "保存翻訳履歴に失敗しました"
+      },
       "title": "翻訳履歴"
     },
     "input": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ru-ru.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ru-ru.json
index 09ea99543b..ea2368d3db 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ru-ru.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/ru-ru.json
@@ -913,6 +913,7 @@
     "thai": "Тайский",
     "turkish": "Туркменский",
     "ukrainian": "украинский язык",
+    "unknown": "неизвестно",
     "urdu": "Урду",
     "vietnamese": "Вьетнамский"
   },
@@ -3394,6 +3395,7 @@
     },
     "close": "Закрыть",
     "closed": "Перевод закрыт",
+    "complete": "перевод завершен",
     "confirm": {
       "content": "Перевод заменит исходный текст, продолжить?",
       "title": "Перевод подтверждение"
@@ -3405,13 +3407,17 @@
     "empty": "Содержимое перевода пусто",
     "error": {
       "failed": "Перевод не удалось",
-      "not_configured": "Модель перевода не настроена"
+      "not_configured": "Модель перевода не настроена",
+      "unknown": "Во время перевода возникла неизвестная ошибка"
     },
     "history": {
       "clear": "Очистить историю",
       "clear_description": "Очистка истории удалит все записи переводов. Продолжить?",
       "delete": "Удалить",
       "empty": "История переводов отсутствует",
+      "error": {
+        "save": "Не удалось сохранить историю переводов"
+      },
       "title": "История переводов"
     },
     "input": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-cn.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-cn.json
index 34c5cc4360..46ed5b2df5 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-cn.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-cn.json
@@ -913,6 +913,7 @@
     "thai": "泰文",
     "turkish": "土耳其文",
     "ukrainian": "乌克兰语",
+    "unknown": "未知",
     "urdu": "乌尔都文",
     "vietnamese": "越南文"
   },
@@ -3394,6 +3395,7 @@
     },
     "close": "关闭",
     "closed": "翻译已关闭",
+    "complete": "翻译完成",
     "confirm": {
       "content": "翻译后将覆盖原文，是否继续？",
       "title": "翻译确认"
@@ -3405,13 +3407,17 @@
     "empty": "翻译内容为空",
     "error": {
       "failed": "翻译失败",
-      "not_configured": "翻译模型未配置"
+      "not_configured": "翻译模型未配置",
+      "unknown": "翻译过程中遇到未知错误"
     },
     "history": {
       "clear": "清空历史",
       "clear_description": "清空历史将删除所有翻译历史记录，是否继续？",
       "delete": "删除",
       "empty": "暂无翻译历史",
+      "error": {
+        "save": "保存翻译历史失败"
+      },
       "title": "翻译历史"
     },
     "input": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-tw.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-tw.json
index b46e485bdb..11c63797a6 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-tw.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/locales/zh-tw.json
@@ -913,6 +913,7 @@
     "thai": "泰文",
     "turkish": "土耳其文",
     "ukrainian": "烏克蘭語",
+    "unknown": "未知",
     "urdu": "烏爾都文",
     "vietnamese": "越南文"
   },
@@ -3394,6 +3395,7 @@
     },
     "close": "關閉",
     "closed": "翻譯已關閉",
+    "complete": "翻譯完成",
     "confirm": {
       "content": "翻譯後將覆蓋原文，是否繼續？",
       "title": "翻譯確認"
@@ -3405,13 +3407,17 @@
     "empty": "翻譯內容為空",
     "error": {
       "failed": "翻譯失敗",
-      "not_configured": "翻譯模型未設定"
+      "not_configured": "翻譯模型未設定",
+      "unknown": "翻譯過程中遇到未知錯誤"
     },
     "history": {
       "clear": "清空歷史",
       "clear_description": "清空歷史將刪除所有翻譯歷史記錄，是否繼續？",
       "delete": "刪除",
       "empty": "翻譯歷史為空",
+      "error": {
+        "save": "保存翻譯歷史失敗"
+      },
       "title": "翻譯歷史"
     },
     "input": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/el-gr.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/el-gr.json
index b69c6406be..da29b4ac57 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/el-gr.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/el-gr.json
@@ -913,6 +913,7 @@
     "thai": "Ταϊλανδικά",
     "turkish": "Τουρκικά",
     "ukrainian": "ουκρανικά",
+    "unknown": "Άγνωστο",
     "urdu": "Ουρντού",
     "vietnamese": "Βιετναμέζικα"
   },
@@ -3394,6 +3395,7 @@
     },
     "close": "Κλείσιμο",
     "closed": "Η μετάφραση έχει απενεργοποιηθεί",
+    "complete": "Η μετάφραση ολοκληρώθηκε",
     "confirm": {
       "content": "Μετάφραση θα επικαλύψει το αρχικό κείμενο, συνεχίζει;",
       "title": "Επιβεβαίωση μετάφρασης"
@@ -3405,13 +3407,17 @@
     "empty": "Το μεταφρασμένο κείμενο είναι κενό",
     "error": {
       "failed": "Η μετάφραση απέτυχε",
-      "not_configured": "Το μοντέλο μετάφρασης δεν είναι ρυθμισμένο"
+      "not_configured": "Το μοντέλο μετάφρασης δεν είναι ρυθμισμένο",
+      "unknown": "κατά τη μετάφραση παρουσιάστηκε άγνωστο σφάλμα"
     },
     "history": {
       "clear": "Καθαρισμός ιστορικού",
       "clear_description": "Η διαγραφή του ιστορικού θα διαγράψει όλα τα απομνημονεύματα μετάφρασης. Θέλετε να συνεχίσετε;",
       "delete": "Διαγραφή",
       "empty": "δεν υπάρχουν απομνημονεύματα μετάφρασης",
+      "error": {
+        "save": "Αποτυχία αποθήκευσης του ιστορικού μεταφράσεων"
+      },
       "title": "Ιστορικό μετάφρασης"
     },
     "input": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/es-es.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/es-es.json
index d45fa94b48..a8d4e2fff1 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/es-es.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/es-es.json
@@ -913,6 +913,7 @@
     "thai": "tailandés",
     "turkish": "turco",
     "ukrainian": "ucraniano",
+    "unknown": "desconocido",
     "urdu": "urdu",
     "vietnamese": "vietnamita"
   },
@@ -2891,7 +2892,7 @@
         },
         "supported_text_delta": {
           "label": "salida de texto incremental",
-          "tooltip": "Cuando el modelo no lo admita, desactive este botón"
+          "tooltip": "Cuando el modelo no sea compatible, desactive este botón."
         }
       },
       "api_key": "Clave API",
@@ -3394,6 +3395,7 @@
     },
     "close": "Cerrar",
     "closed": "La traducción ha sido desactivada",
+    "complete": "traducción completada",
     "confirm": {
       "content": "La traducción reemplazará el texto original, ¿desea continuar?",
       "title": "Confirmación de traducción"
@@ -3405,13 +3407,17 @@
     "empty": "El contenido de traducción está vacío",
     "error": {
       "failed": "Fallo en la traducción",
-      "not_configured": "El modelo de traducción no está configurado"
+      "not_configured": "El modelo de traducción no está configurado",
+      "unknown": "Se produjo un error desconocido durante la traducción"
     },
     "history": {
       "clear": "Borrar historial",
       "clear_description": "Borrar el historial eliminará todos los registros de traducciones, ¿desea continuar?",
       "delete": "Eliminar",
       "empty": "Sin historial de traducciones por el momento",
+      "error": {
+        "save": "Error al guardar el historial de traducciones"
+      },
       "title": "Historial de traducciones"
     },
     "input": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/fr-fr.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/fr-fr.json
index c28726eb88..ae4b31e6c5 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/fr-fr.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/fr-fr.json
@@ -913,6 +913,7 @@
     "thai": "Thaï",
     "turkish": "Turc",
     "ukrainian": "ukrainien",
+    "unknown": "inconnu",
     "urdu": "Ourdou",
     "vietnamese": "Vietnamien"
   },
@@ -2891,7 +2892,7 @@
         },
         "supported_text_delta": {
           "label": "sortie de texte incrémentielle",
-          "tooltip": "Lorsque le modèle n'est pas pris en charge, désactivez ce bouton"
+          "tooltip": "Désactivez ce bouton lorsque le modèle n'est pas pris en charge"
         }
       },
       "api_key": "Clé API",
@@ -3394,6 +3395,7 @@
     },
     "close": "fermer",
     "closed": "La traduction est désactivée",
+    "complete": "La traduction est terminée",
     "confirm": {
       "content": "La traduction remplacera le texte original, voulez-vous continuer ?",
       "title": "Confirmation de traduction"
@@ -3405,13 +3407,17 @@
     "empty": "Le contenu à traduire est vide",
     "error": {
       "failed": "échec de la traduction",
-      "not_configured": "le modèle de traduction n'est pas configuré"
+      "not_configured": "le modèle de traduction n'est pas configuré",
+      "unknown": "Une erreur inconnue s'est produite lors de la traduction"
     },
     "history": {
       "clear": "Effacer l'historique",
       "clear_description": "L'effacement de l'historique supprimera toutes les entrées d'historique de traduction, voulez-vous continuer ?",
       "delete": "Supprimer",
       "empty": "Aucun historique de traduction pour le moment",
+      "error": {
+        "save": "Échec de la sauvegarde de l'historique des traductions"
+      },
       "title": "Historique des traductions"
     },
     "input": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/pt-pt.json b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/pt-pt.json
index 27e05b32bf..dab84639e6 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/pt-pt.json
+++ b/src/renderer/src/i18n/translate/pt-pt.json
@@ -913,6 +913,7 @@
     "thai": "Tailandês",
     "turkish": "Turco",
     "ukrainian": "ucraniano",
+    "unknown": "desconhecido",
     "urdu": "Urdu",
     "vietnamese": "Vietnamita"
   },
@@ -3394,6 +3395,7 @@
     },
     "close": "Fechar",
     "closed": "A tradução foi desativada",
+    "complete": "Tradução concluída",
     "confirm": {
       "content": "A tradução substituirá o texto original, deseja continuar?",
       "title": "Confirmação de Tradução"
@@ -3405,13 +3407,17 @@
     "empty": "O conteúdo de tradução está vazio",
     "error": {
       "failed": "Tradução falhou",
-      "not_configured": "Modelo de tradução não configurado"
+      "not_configured": "Modelo de tradução não configurado",
+      "unknown": "Ocorreu um erro desconhecido durante a tradução"
     },
     "history": {
       "clear": "Limpar Histórico",
       "clear_description": "Limpar histórico irá deletar todos os registros de tradução. Deseja continuar?",
       "delete": "Excluir",
       "empty": "Nenhum histórico de tradução disponível",
+      "error": {
+        "save": "Falha ao guardar o histórico de traduções"
+      },
       "title": "Histórico de Tradução"
     },
     "input": {
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/pages/translate/TranslatePage.tsx b/src/renderer/src/pages/translate/TranslatePage.tsx
index fb4fdfeb9a..dcdb506cc8 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/pages/translate/TranslatePage.tsx
+++ b/src/renderer/src/pages/translate/TranslatePage.tsx
@@ -12,13 +12,12 @@ import db from '@renderer/databases'
 import { useDefaultModel } from '@renderer/hooks/useAssistant'
 import { useProviders } from '@renderer/hooks/useProvider'
 import { useSettings } from '@renderer/hooks/useSettings'
-import { fetchTranslate } from '@renderer/services/ApiService'
-import { getDefaultTranslateAssistant } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
+import useTranslate from '@renderer/hooks/useTranslate'
 import { getModelUniqId, hasModel } from '@renderer/services/ModelService'
 import { useAppDispatch } from '@renderer/store'
 import { setTranslateModelPrompt } from '@renderer/store/settings'
 import type { Language, LanguageCode, Model, TranslateHistory } from '@renderer/types'
-import { runAsyncFunction, uuid } from '@renderer/utils'
+import { runAsyncFunction } from '@renderer/utils'
 import {
   createInputScrollHandler,
   createOutputScrollHandler,
@@ -39,7 +38,6 @@ import styled from 'styled-components'
 const logger = loggerService.withContext('TranslatePage')
 
 let _text = ''
-let _result = ''
 let _targetLanguage = LanguagesEnum.enUS
 
 const TranslateSettings: FC<{
@@ -285,10 +283,8 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
   const { t } = useTranslation()
   const { shikiMarkdownIt } = useCodeStyle()
   const [text, setText] = useState(_text)
-  const [result, setResult] = useState(_result)
   const [renderedMarkdown, setRenderedMarkdown] = useState<string>('')
   const { translateModel, setTranslateModel } = useDefaultModel()
-  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false)
   const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false)
   const [historyDrawerVisible, setHistoryDrawerVisible] = useState(false)
   const [isScrollSyncEnabled, setIsScrollSyncEnabled] = useState(false)
@@ -306,6 +302,8 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
   const textAreaRef = useRef<TextAreaRef>(null)
   const outputTextRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
   const isProgrammaticScroll = useRef(false)
+  const { translatedContent, translating, translate, setTranslatedContent, clearHistory, deleteHistory } =
+    useTranslate()
 
   const _translateHistory = useLiveQuery(() => db.translate_history.orderBy('createdAt').reverse().toArray(), [])
 
@@ -318,7 +316,6 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
   }, [_translateHistory])
 
   _text = text
-  _result = result
   _targetLanguage = targetLanguage
 
   const handleModelChange = (model: Model) => {
@@ -326,31 +323,6 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
     db.settings.put({ id: 'translate:model', value: model.id })
   }
 
-  const saveTranslateHistory = async (
-    sourceText: string,
-    targetText: string,
-    sourceLanguage: LanguageCode,
-    targetLanguage: LanguageCode
-  ) => {
-    const history: TranslateHistory = {
-      id: uuid(),
-      sourceText,
-      targetText,
-      sourceLanguage,
-      targetLanguage,
-      createdAt: new Date().toISOString()
-    }
-    await db.translate_history.add(history)
-  }
-
-  const deleteHistory = async (id: string) => {
-    db.translate_history.delete(id)
-  }
-
-  const clearHistory = async () => {
-    db.translate_history.clear()
-  }
-
   const onTranslate = async () => {
     if (!text.trim()) return
     if (!translateModel) {
@@ -361,7 +333,6 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
       return
     }
 
-    setLoading(true)
     try {
       // 确定源语言：如果用户选择了特定语言，使用用户选择的；如果选择'auto'，则自动检测
       let actualSourceLanguage: Language
@@ -385,7 +356,6 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
           content: errorMessage,
           key: 'translate-message'
         })
-        setLoading(false)
         return
       }
 
@@ -394,26 +364,13 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
         setTargetLanguage(actualTargetLanguage)
       }
 
-      const assistant = getDefaultTranslateAssistant(actualTargetLanguage, text)
-      let translatedText = ''
-      await fetchTranslate({
-        content: text,
-        assistant,
-        onResponse: (text) => {
-          translatedText = text.replace(/^\s*\n+/g, '')
-          setResult(translatedText)
-        }
-      })
-
-      await saveTranslateHistory(text, translatedText, actualSourceLanguage.langCode, actualTargetLanguage.langCode)
-      setLoading(false)
+      await translate(text, actualSourceLanguage, actualTargetLanguage)
     } catch (error) {
       logger.error('Translation error:', error as Error)
       window.message.error({
         content: String(error),
         key: 'translate-message'
       })
-      setLoading(false)
       return
     }
   }
@@ -424,27 +381,27 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
   }
 
   const onCopy = () => {
-    navigator.clipboard.writeText(result)
+    navigator.clipboard.writeText(translatedContent)
     setCopied(true)
     setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), 2000)
   }
 
   const onHistoryItemClick = (history: TranslateHistory & { _sourceLanguage: Language; _targetLanguage: Language }) => {
     setText(history.sourceText)
-    setResult(history.targetText)
+    setTranslatedContent(history.targetText)
     setSourceLanguage(history._sourceLanguage)
     setTargetLanguage(history._targetLanguage)
   }
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    isEmpty(text) && setResult('')
-  }, [text])
+    isEmpty(text) && setTranslatedContent('')
+  }, [setTranslatedContent, text])
 
   // Render markdown content when result or enableMarkdown changes
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (enableMarkdown && result) {
+    if (enableMarkdown && translatedContent) {
       let isMounted = true
-      shikiMarkdownIt(result).then((rendered) => {
+      shikiMarkdownIt(translatedContent).then((rendered) => {
         if (isMounted) {
           setRenderedMarkdown(rendered)
         }
@@ -456,7 +413,7 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
       setRenderedMarkdown('')
       return undefined
     }
-  }, [result, enableMarkdown, shikiMarkdownIt])
+  }, [enableMarkdown, shikiMarkdownIt, translatedContent])
 
   useEffect(() => {
     runAsyncFunction(async () => {
@@ -675,7 +632,7 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
               }>
               <TranslateButton
                 type="primary"
-                loading={loading}
+                loading={translating}
                 onClick={onTranslate}
                 disabled={!text.trim()}
                 icon={<SendOutlined />}>
@@ -692,7 +649,7 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
             onChange={(e) => setText(e.target.value)}
             onKeyDown={onKeyDown}
             onScroll={handleInputScroll}
-            disabled={loading}
+            disabled={translating}
             spellCheck={false}
             allowClear
           />
@@ -705,18 +662,18 @@ const TranslatePage: FC = () => {
             </HStack>
             <CopyButton
               onClick={onCopy}
-              disabled={!result}
+              disabled={!translatedContent}
               icon={copied ? <CheckOutlined style={{ color: 'var(--color-primary)' }} /> : <CopyIcon />}
             />
           </OperationBar>
 
           <OutputText ref={outputTextRef} onScroll={handleOutputScroll} className={'selectable'}>
-            {!result ? (
+            {!translatedContent ? (
               t('translate.output.placeholder')
             ) : enableMarkdown ? (
               <div className="markdown" dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: renderedMarkdown }} />
             ) : (
-              <div className="plain">{result}</div>
+              <div className="plain">{translatedContent}</div>
             )}
           </OutputText>
         </OutputContainer>
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/services/AssistantService.ts b/src/renderer/src/services/AssistantService.ts
index 654b7e7bde..82ddc94598 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/services/AssistantService.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/services/AssistantService.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import {
   DEFAULT_CONTEXTCOUNT,
   DEFAULT_MAX_TOKENS,
@@ -20,6 +21,8 @@ import type {
 } from '@renderer/types'
 import { uuid } from '@renderer/utils'
 
+const logger = loggerService.withContext('AssistantService')
+
 export function getDefaultAssistant(): Assistant {
   return {
     id: 'default',
@@ -50,6 +53,11 @@ export function getDefaultTranslateAssistant(targetLanguage: Language, text: str
   const assistant: Assistant = getDefaultAssistant()
   assistant.model = translateModel
 
+  if (!assistant.model) {
+    logger.error('No translate model')
+    throw new Error(i18n.t('translate.error.not_configured'))
+  }
+
   assistant.settings = {
     temperature: 0.7
   }
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/index.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/index.ts
index 5860871235..28a3c27a98 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/index.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/index.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import selectionStore from './selectionStore'
 import settings from './settings'
 import shortcuts from './shortcuts'
 import tabs from './tabs'
+import translate from './translate'
 import websearch from './websearch'
 
 const rootReducer = combineReducers({
@@ -51,7 +52,8 @@ const rootReducer = combineReducers({
   preprocess,
   messages: newMessagesReducer,
   messageBlocks: messageBlocksReducer,
-  inputTools: inputToolsReducer
+  inputTools: inputToolsReducer,
+  translate
 })
 
 const persistedReducer = persistReducer(
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/runtime.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/runtime.ts
index d1e3752d10..643d2636c2 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/store/runtime.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/runtime.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ export interface UpdateState {
 export interface RuntimeState {
   avatar: string
   generating: boolean
+  translating: boolean
   /** whether the minapp popup is shown */
   minappShow: boolean
   /** the minapps that are opened and should be keep alive */
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ export interface ExportState {
 const initialState: RuntimeState = {
   avatar: UserAvatar,
   generating: false,
+  translating: false,
   minappShow: false,
   openedKeepAliveMinapps: [],
   openedOneOffMinapp: null,
@@ -93,6 +95,9 @@ const runtimeSlice = createSlice({
     setGenerating: (state, action: PayloadAction<boolean>) => {
       state.generating = action.payload
     },
+    setTranslating: (state, action: PayloadAction<boolean>) => {
+      state.translating = action.payload
+    },
     setMinappShow: (state, action: PayloadAction<boolean>) => {
       state.minappShow = action.payload
     },
@@ -156,6 +161,7 @@ const runtimeSlice = createSlice({
 export const {
   setAvatar,
   setGenerating,
+  setTranslating,
   setMinappShow,
   setOpenedKeepAliveMinapps,
   setOpenedOneOffMinapp,
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/store/translate.ts b/src/renderer/src/store/translate.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5cda7a666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer/src/store/translate.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { createSlice, PayloadAction } from '@reduxjs/toolkit'
+
+export interface TranslateState {
+  translatedContent: string
+}
+
+const initialState: TranslateState = {
+  translatedContent: ''
+}
+
+const translateSlice = createSlice({
+  name: 'translate',
+  initialState,
+  reducers: {
+    setTranslatedContent: (state, action: PayloadAction<string>) => {
+      return {
+        ...state,
+        translatedContent: action.payload
+      }
+    }
+  }
+})
+
+export const { setTranslatedContent } = translateSlice.actions
+
+export default translateSlice.reducer
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/types/index.ts b/src/renderer/src/types/index.ts
index 32a0080607..70a55c867a 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/types/index.ts
@@ -512,6 +512,7 @@ export type GenerateImageResponse = {
 }
 
 export type LanguageCode =
+  | 'unknown'
   | 'en-us'
   | 'zh-cn'
   | 'zh-tw'
diff --git a/src/renderer/src/utils/translate.ts b/src/renderer/src/utils/translate.ts
index b0edfddc23..44464daedc 100644
--- a/src/renderer/src/utils/translate.ts
+++ b/src/renderer/src/utils/translate.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
-import { LanguagesEnum } from '@renderer/config/translate'
+import { LanguagesEnum, UNKNOWN } from '@renderer/config/translate'
 import { Language, LanguageCode } from '@renderer/types'
 import { franc } from 'franc-min'
 import React, { MutableRefObject } from 'react'
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ export const getLanguageByLangcode = (langcode: LanguageCode): Language => {
   const result = Object.values(LanguagesEnum).find((item) => item.langCode === langcode)
   if (!result) {
     logger.error(`Language not found for langcode: ${langcode}`)
-    return LanguagesEnum.enUS
+    return UNKNOWN
   }
   return result
 }